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Nucleic Acids Research, 1983, Vol. 11, No. 16 5361-5380
© 1983

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

DNasel-hypersensitive sites at promoter-like sequences in the spacer of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis ribosomal DNA

Adriana La Volpe*, Mary Taggart, Brian McStay and Adrian Bird

MRC Mammalian Genome Unit King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK

*Present Address: Istituto Internazionale di Genetica e Biofisica, Via Guglielmo Marconi 10, 80125 Napoli, Italy

Received June 27, 1983. Accepted July 28, 1983.

We have detected a DNAseI hypersensitive site in the ribosomal DNA spacer of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis. The site is present in blood and embryonic nuclei of each species. In interspecies hybrids, however, the site is absent in unexpressed borealis rDNA, but is present normally in expressed laevis rDNA. Hypersensitive sites are located well upstream (over lkb) of the pre-ribosomal RNA promoter. Sequencing of the hypersensitive region in borealis rDNA, however, shows extensive homology with the promoter sequence, and with the hypersensitive region in X.laevis. Of two promoter-like duplications in each spacer, only the most upstream copy is associated with hypersensitivity to DNAasel. Unlike DNAasel, Endo R. Mspl digests the rDNA of laevis blood nuclei at a domain extending downstream from the hypersensitive site to near the 40S promoter. Since the organisation of conserved sequence elements within this "proximal domain" is similar in three Xenopus species whose spacers have otherwise evolved rapidly, we conclude that this domain plays an important role in rDNA function.


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