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Nucleic Acids Research, 1983, Vol. 11, No. 6 1759-1771
© 1983


MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The nucleotide sequence of the rat cytoplasmic ß–actin gene

U Nudel, R. Zakut, M. Shani, S. Neuman, Z. Levy and D. Yaffe

Department of Cell Biology, The Weizman Institute of Science Rehovot, 76100 Israel

Received January 5, 1983. Accepted March 1, 1983.

The nucleotide sequence of the rat ß-actin gene was determined. The gene codes for a protein identical to the bovine ß–actin. It has a large intron in the 5’ untranslated region 6 nucleotides upstream from the initiator ATG, and 4 Introns 1n the coding region at codons specifying amino acids 41/42, 121/122, 267, and 327/328. Unlike the skeletal muscle actin gene and many other actin genes, the 6-act1n gene lacks the codon for Cys between the Initiator ATG and the codon for the N-terminal amino acid of the mature protein.

The usage of synonymous codons 1n the ß–actin gene is nonrandom, and is similar to that in the rat skeletal muscle and other vertebrate actin genes, but differs from the codon usage in yeast and soybean actin genes.


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
C. A. Winkler, A. M. Kittelberger, R. H. Watkins, W. M. Maniscalco, and G. J. Schwartz
Maturation of carbonic anhydrase IV expression in rabbit kidney
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): F895 - F903.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
T. Nikawa, M. Ikemoto, K. Tokuoka, S. Teshima, D. H. Alpers, Y. Masui, K. Kishi, and K. Rokutan
Interleukin-1{beta} enhances retinoic acid-mediated expression of bone-type alkaline phosphatase in rat IEC-6 cells
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): G510 - G517.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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IOVSHome page
M. Inatani, H. Tanihara, A. Oohira, Y. Otori, A. Nishida, M. Honjo, N. Kido, and Y. Honda
Neuroglycan C, a Neural Tissue-Specific Transmembrane Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan, in Retinal Neural Network Formation
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2000; 41(13): 4338 - 4346.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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EndocrinologyHome page
S.-L. Zhang, S.-S. Tang, X. Chen, J. G. Filep, J. R. Ingelfinger, and J. S. D. Chan
High Levels of Glucose Stimulate Angiotensinogen Gene Expression Via the P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Rat Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells
Endocrinology, December 1, 2000; 141(12): 4637 - 4646.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
C.-M. Li, J. Khosla, I. Pagan, P. Hoyle, and P. L. Sannes
TGF-beta 1 and fibroblast growth factor-1 modify fibroblast growth factor-2 production in type II cells
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2000; 279(6): L1038 - L1046.
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Chem SensesHome page
Y. Kusakabe, A. Yasuoka, M. Asano-Miyoshi, K. Iwabuchi, I. Matsumoto, S. Arai, Y. Emori, and K. Abe
Comprehensive Study on G protein {alpha}-Subunits in Taste Bud Cells, with Special Reference to the Occurrence of G{alpha}i2 as a Major G{alpha} Species
Chem Senses, October 1, 2000; 25(5): 525 - 531.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
T. L. Wood, L. E. Rogler, M. E. Czick, A. G.P. Schuller, and J. E. Pintar
Selective Alterations in Organ Sizes in Mice with a Targeted Disruption of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 Gene
Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2000; 14(9): 1472 - 1482.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Alcohol AlcoholHome page
R. G. Oretti, S. Bano, M. O. Azani, A. A.-B. Badawy, C. J. Morgan, P. McGUFFIN, and P. R. Buckland
RAT LIVER TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE ACTIVITY AND GENE EXPRESSION DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
Alcohol Alcohol., September 1, 2000; 35(5): 427 - 434.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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IOVSHome page
M. Inatani, H. Tanihara, A. Oohira, M. Honjo, N. Kido, and Y. Honda
Upregulated Expression of Neurocan, a Nervous Tissue Specific Proteoglycan, in Transient Retinal Ischemia
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2000; 41(9): 2748 - 2754.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Toxicol SciHome page
C. J. Johnston, K. E. Driscoll, J. N. Finkelstein, R. Baggs, M. A. O'Reilly, J. Carter, R. Gelein, and G. Oberdorster
Pulmonary Chemokine and Mutagenic Responses in Rats after Subchronic Inhalation of Amorphous and Crystalline Silica
Toxicol. Sci., August 1, 2000; 56(2): 405 - 413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
M. Schafer, K. Frischkopf, G. Taimor, H. M. Piper, and K.-D. Schluter
Hypertrophic effect of selective beta 1-adrenoceptor stimulation on ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult rat
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): C495 - C503.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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IOVSHome page
H. Yasuyoshi, S. Kashii, S. Zhang, A. Nishida, T. Yamauchi, Y. Honda, Y. Asano, S. Sato, and A. Akaike
Protective Effect of Bradykinin against Glutamate Neurotoxicity in Cultured Rat Retinal Neurons
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2000; 41(8): 2273 - 2278.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Biol. Reprod.Home page
C. Yallampalli and Y.-L. Dong
Estradiol-17{beta} Inhibits Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-II and Stimulates NOS-III Gene Expression in the Rat Uterus
Biol Reprod, July 1, 2000; 63(1): 34 - 41.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Biol. Reprod.Home page
W. Harrouk, B. Robaire, and B. F. Hales
Paternal Exposure to Cyclophosphamide Alters Cell-Cell Contacts and Activation of Embryonic Transcription in the Preimplantation Rat Embryo
Biol Reprod, July 1, 2000; 63(1): 74 - 81.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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IOVSHome page
M. Inatani, H. Tanihara, A. Oohira, M. Honjo, N. Kido, and Y. Honda
Spatiotemporal Expression Patterns of 6B4 Proteoglycan/Phosphacan in the Developing Rat Retina
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2000; 41(7): 1990 - 1997.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
H. Hara, S. Ohyama, and T. Hira
Luminal dietary protein, not amino acids, induces pancreatic protease via CCK in pancreaticobiliary-diverted rats
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2000; 278(6): G937 - G945.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
D. Li, R. Belusa, S. Nowicki, and A. Aperia
Arachidonic acid metabolic pathways regulating activity of renal Na+-K+-ATPase are age dependent
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2000; 278(5): F823 - F829.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Biol. Reprod.Home page
Y.-L. Dong and C. Yallampalli
Pregnancy and Exogenous Steroid Treatments Modulate the Expression of Relaxant EP2 and Contractile FP Receptors in the Rat Uterus
Biol Reprod, March 1, 2000; 62(3): 533 - 539.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Biol. Reprod.Home page
M. S. Risley
Connexin Gene Expression in Seminiferous Tubules of the Sprague-Dawley Rat
Biol Reprod, March 1, 2000; 62(3): 748 - 754.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Cardiovasc ResHome page
K.-D. Schluter, K. Frischkopf, M. Flesch, S. Rosenkranz, G. Taimor, and H. M. Piper
Central role for ornithine decarboxylase in {beta}-adrenoceptor mediated hypertrophy
Cardiovasc Res, January 14, 2000; 45(2): 410 - 417.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Toxicol SciHome page
M. A. Tirmenstein, F. A. Nicholls-Grzemski, T. D. Schmittgen, B. A. Zakrajsek, and M. W. Fariss
Characterization of Nitric Oxide Production following Isolation of Rat Hepatocytes
Toxicol. Sci., January 1, 2000; 53(1): 56 - 62.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Nutr.Home page
H. Kudo, Y. Doi, T. Nishino, S. Nara, K. Hamasaki, and S. Fujimoto
Dietary Zinc Deficiency Decreases Glutathione S-Transferase Expression in the Rat Olfactory Epithelium
J. Nutr., January 1, 2000; 130(1): 38 - 44.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Virol.Home page
S. Yamano, T. Tokino, M. Yasuda, M. Kaneuchi, M. Takahashi, Y. Niitsu, K. Fujinaga, and T. Yamashita
Induction of Transformation and p53-Dependent Apoptosis by Adenovirus Type 5 E4orf6/7 cDNA
J. Virol., December 1, 1999; 73(12): 10095 - 10103.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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FASEB J.Home page
M. K. JONES, E. SASAKI, F. HALTER, R. PAI, T. NAKAMURA, T. ARAKAWA, T. KUROKI, and A. S. TARNAWSKI
HGF triggers activation of the COX-2 gene in rat gastric epithelial cells: action mediated through the ERK2 signaling pathway
FASEB J, December 1, 1999; 13(15): 2186 - 2194.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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EndocrinologyHome page
S.-L. Zhang, X. Chen, J. G. Filep, S.-S. Tang, J. R. Ingelfinger, and J. S. D. Chan
Insulin Inhibits Angiotensinogen Gene Expression via the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Rat Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells
Endocrinology, November 1, 1999; 140(11): 5285 - 5292.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Sebastian, J. A. White, and J. E. Wilson
Characterization of the Rat Type III Hexokinase Gene Promoter. A FUNCTIONAL OCTAMER 1 MOTIF IS CRITICAL FOR BASAL PROMOTER ACTIVITY
J. Biol. Chem., October 29, 1999; 274(44): 31700 - 31706.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
A. M. Xavier, N. Isowa, L. Cai, E. Dziak, M. Opas, D. I. McRitchie, A. S. Slutsky, S. H. Keshavjee, and M. Liu
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2 Release from Alveolar Epithelial Cells . Autoregulation in Host Defense
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., October 1, 1999; 21(4): 510 - 520.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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N. Katai and N. Yoshimura
Apoptotic Retinal Neuronal Death by Ischemia-Reperfusion Is Executed by Two Distinct Caspase Family Proteases
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 1999; 40(11): 2697 - 2705.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. Hallden, M. Hadi, H. T. Hong, and G. W. Aponte
Y Receptor-mediated Induction of CD63 Transcripts, a Tetraspanin Determined To Be Necessary for Differentiation of the Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line, hBRIE 380i Cells
J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 1999; 274(39): 27914 - 27924.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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IOVSHome page
M. Inatani, H. Tanihara, A. Oohira, M. Honjo, and Y. Honda
Identification of a Nervous Tissue-Specific Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan, Neurocan, in Developing Rat Retina
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 1999; 40(10): 2350 - 2359.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Neurosci.Home page
G. E. Aranda-Abreu, L. Behar, S. Chung, H. Furneaux, and I. Ginzburg
Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision-Like RNA-Binding Proteins Regulate Neurite Outgrowth and Tau Expression in PC12 Cells
J. Neurosci., August 15, 1999; 19(16): 6907 - 6917.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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EndocrinologyHome page
C. H. Tsai-Morris, A. Khanum, P.-Z. Tang, and M. L. Dufau
The Rat 17{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type III: Molecular Cloning and Gonadotropin Regulation
Endocrinology, August 1, 1999; 140(8): 3534 - 3542.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
D. Fernandes, E. Guida, V. Koutsoubos, T. Harris, P. Vadiveloo, J. W. Wilson, and A. G. Stewart
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Proliferation, Cyclin D1 Expression, and Retinoblastoma Protein Phosphorylation, but Not Activity of the Extracellular-Regulated Kinases in Human Cultured Airway Smooth Muscle
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 1999; 21(1): 77 - 88.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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EndocrinologyHome page
F. M. Pinto, C. P. Armesto, J. Magraner, M. Trujillo, J. D. MartÍn, and M. Luz Candenas
Tachykinin Receptor and Neutral Endopeptidase Gene Expression in the Rat Uterus: Characterization and Regulation in Response to Ovarian Steroid Treatment
Endocrinology, June 1, 1999; 140(6): 2526 - 2532.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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EndocrinologyHome page
Y. Date, M. Nakazato, H. Yamaguchi, K. Kangawa, Y. Kinoshita, T. Chiba, Y. Ueta, H. Yamashita, and S. Matsukura
Enterochromaffin-Like Cells, a Cellular Source of Uroguanylin in Rat Stomach
Endocrinology, May 1, 1999; 140(5): 2398 - 2404.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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EndocrinologyHome page
K. Ukena, C. Kohchi, and K. Tsutsui
Expression and Activity of 3{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/{Delta}5-{Delta}4-Isomerase in the Rat Purkinje Neuron during Neonatal Life
Endocrinology, February 1, 1999; 140(2): 805 - 813.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Immunol.Home page
C. E. Egwuagu, J. Sztein, R. M. Mahdi, W. Li, C. Chao-Chan, J. A. Smith, P. Charukamnoetkanok, and A. B. Chepelinsky
IFN-{gamma} Increases the Severity and Accelerates the Onset of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Transgenic Rats
J. Immunol., January 1, 1999; 162(1): 510 - 517.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Jitrapakdee, Q. Gong, M. J. MacDonald, and J. C. Wallace
Regulation of Rat Pyruvate Carboxylase Gene Expression by Alternate Promoters during Development, in Genetically Obese Rats and in Insulin-secreting Cells. MULTIPLE TRANSCRIPTS WITH 5'-END HETEROGENEITY MODULATE TRANSLATION
J. Biol. Chem., December 18, 1998; 273(51): 34422 - 34428.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]



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