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Nucleic Acids Research, 1984, Vol. 12, No. 24 9271-9285
© 1984


MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

DNA structural variations produced by actinomycin and distamycin as revealed by DNAase I footprinting

Keith R. Fox and Michael J. Waring

Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Medical School Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QD, UK

Received October 26, 1984. Accepted November 23, 1984.

The technique of DNAase I footprinting has been used to investigate preferred binding sites for actinomycin D and distamycin on a 160-base-pair DNA fragment from E.coli containing the tyr T promoter sequence. Only sites containing the dinucleotide step GpC are protected by binding of actinomycin, and all such sites are protected. Distamycin recognizes four major regions rich in A+T residues. Both antibiotics induce enhanced rates of cleavage at certain regions flanking their binding sites. These effects are not restricted to any particular base sequence since they are produced in runs of A and T by actinomycin and in GC-rich sequences by distamycin. The observed increases in susceptibility to nuclease attack are attributed to DNA structural variations induced in the vicinity of the ligand binding site, most probably involving changes in the width of the helical minor groove.


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