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Nucleic Acids Research, 1984, Vol. 12, No. 4 1811-1820
© 1984

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Alternative sites of transcription initiation upstream of the canonical cap site in human -{gamma}-globin and ß-globin genes

G. Joan Grindlay, W. George Lanyon, Maggi Allan and John Paul

Beatson Institute for Cancer Research Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 IBD, UK

Received December 19, 1983. Accepted January 23, 1984.

Using S1 mapping and primer extension analysis, we have identified number of human{gamma} -globin and ß -globin 5' RNA termini originating in the 200 bp upstream of the canonical mRNA cap sites. Upstream initiation sites have previously been reported for the human ({varepsilon} -globin gene (4,5) and the present work indicates that this is a general feature of the human ß -type globin genes. We have attempted to identify features common to such sites between the three genes. One site 170 bp upstream of the major {varepsilon} -globin cap site and a site 1400 bp upstream of the major {varepsilon} -globin cap site are located near putative PolIII promoter sequences and may therefore be transcribed by this enzyme. Alternative initiation sites located 200 bp and 50–100 bp upstream of the C {varepsilon} -globin and {gamma} -globin cap sites respectively are located within S1 hypersensitive regions of chromatin.


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