Nucleic Acids Research, 1987, Vol. 15, No. 16 6437-6453
© 1987
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Only two of the four sites of interaction with nuclear factors within the MXenopus U2 gene promoter are necessary for efficient transcription
European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) D-6900 Heidelberg 1Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cell and Tumour Biology, German Cancer Research Centre D-6900 Heidelberg, FRG
Received May 11, 1987. Revised July 14, 1987. Accepted July 14, 1987.
An analysis, performed by DNase I footprinting, of the interactions between factors present in Molt-4 nuclear extracts and a Xenopus U2 snRNA gene promoter is presented. Four distinct regions of sequence-specific DNA-factor interaction are found. Two of these correspond to the previously identified proximal and distal sequence elements (PSE and DSE) of the promoter. Both of these elements are important in U2 transcription, indicating a functional role for the observed interactions. The other two sites of interaction correspond to a sequence element conserved in many, but not all, vertebrate U snRNA gene promoters (the MSE) and to a region adjacent to the site of transcription initiation (the "cap site"). Site-directed mutants of these latter two elements are constructed which no longer bind nuclear factors. Transcriptional analysis in Xenopus oocytes reveals that these mutants are transcribed as efficiently as wild-type U2. Other possible roles for the two factors are discussed.
*Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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