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Nucleic Acids Research, 1987, Vol. 15, No. 21 9043-9055
© 1987

Articles

Inducible gene expression from multiple promoters by the tumor-promoting agent, PMA

Jane S. Lebkowski*, Maureen A. McNally, Thomas B. Okarma and L. Bernard Lerch

Applied ImmuneSciences, Inc. 200 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

Received July 21, 1987. Revised October 1, 1987. Accepted October 1, 1987.

Phorbol ester tumor promoters affect a broad scope of changes in mammalian cells. This report describes the activation of expression of an introduced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene by the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), in a variety of fibroblast and hematopoietic cell lines. PMA-mediated activation appears to be promoter region specific, yet widespread. Enhanced gene expression is observed for four out of five promoter systems tested, and, in some cases, is dependent on the cellular environment. Further experiments indicate that PMA mediates elevated gene expression by rapidly increasing steady state levels of CAT mRNA. The broad range of promoters affected by PMA may help explain the high potency of this agent in tumor production.


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