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Nucleic Acids Research, 1987, Vol. 15, No. 8 3291-3304
© 1987

Articles

Molecular analysis of elements inserted into mouse {gamma}-actln processed pseudogenes

Ying Min Man1, Hajo Delius2 and David P. Leader1,*

1Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK 2European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 10.2209 D-6900 Heidelberg, FRG

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

Received February 16, 1987. Accepted April 3, 1987.

DMA from ten mouse genomic clones, each containing distinct {gamma} -actin processed pseudogenes, was subjected to electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis, and in three cases ({lambda}mA36, {lambda}mAll8 and {lambda}mAll9) the heteroduplex formed with the DNA of a reference clone was found to be interrupted by a single-stranded loop. The genomic regions corresponding to these loops were subjected to structural analysis and they were found to represent different elements (IEs) inserted into the pseudogenes in a manner that gave rise to short target-site direct repeats. IE 36 (500 base-pairs in length) was found to be an intercisternal A-particle solo long terminal repeat (LTR), a 46 nucleotide region of which had undergone five-fold tandem amplification and subsequent mutation. IE 119 (501 base-pairs in length) was also a solo LTR, bearing similarity to the recently-described GLN-3 class of murine retroviral-like elements. IE 118 (865 base-pairs in length) is repeated 1000–2000 times in the mouse genome. It is not related to any known class of mobile elements, but does possess some sequence motifs that suggest it may be an LTR of a hitherto unrecognised family of retroviral-like elements. It also possesses a 26 out of 27 nucleotide identity to a region of the flanking pseudogene, suggesting that it may have suffered gene conversion.


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