Nucleic Acids Research, 1988, Vol. 16, No. 20 9663-9676
© 1988
Articles |
In vivo footprinting of the estrogen-inducible vitellogenin II gene from chicken
Department of Biochemistry, Groningen University Nijenborgh 16, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
Received July 15, 1988. Accepted September 16, 1988.
Protein-DNA interactions in the promoter region of the chicken vitellogenin II gene were analyzed by in vivo dimethyl sulphate footprinting with expressing and non-expressing tissues. The reactivity of G-residues is essentially the same in erythrocytes, oviduct and control liver, not expressing the gene. In the expressing estrogen-induced liver we find a number of G-residues with altered reactivities. These G's are located within distinct sequences: the estrogen responsive elements, a sequence resembling the NF-1 recognition motive, and several elements which are conserved between yolk protein genes. The expression-dependent binding of proteins to these sites was confirmed by DNasel footprinting applied to nuclei isolated from estrogen-induced and control liver. Estradiol appears to establish a transcription complex comprising a number of distinct proteins bound to different sites in the 5' flanking region of the vitellogenin II gene.
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