Nucleic Acids Research, 1988, Vol. 16, No. 21 10053-10067
© 1988
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY |
Sequence analysis and regulation of the htrA gene of Escherichin coli: a 
32-independent mechanism of heat-inducible transcription
Department of Cellular, Viral and Molecular Biology, University of Utah Medical Center Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed
Received August 15, 1988. Accepted October 3, 1988.
Previous work has established that the E. coli htrA gene product is essential for bacterial survival at temperatures above 42° (1). We have sequenced the htrA gene region and found an open reading frame (ORF) coding for a protein of 491 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 51,163 daltons. This molecular weight corresponds well with that seen following electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. This protein has an amino-terminal sequence typical for a leader peptide and undergoes post-translational modification by cleavage of an amino-terminal portion. The insertional mutations which affect the function of the htrA gene map inside this ORF. The levels of htrA mRNA increase rapidly and transiently upon heat shock in a manner independent of the rpoH gene, which encodes the 
32 RNA polymerase subunit and is known to regulate transcription of typical heat shock genes. Using S1 mapping and RNA primer extension, we have identified the htrA promoter and found that it is similar to the P3 promoter of the rpoH gene. The P3 promoter is especially active at high temperatures (2) and is recognized by a recently identified transcriptional factor, E
+Permanent address: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  O. Onder, S. Turkarslan, D. Sun, and F. Daldal Overproduction or Absence of the Periplasmic Protease DegP Severely Compromises Bacterial Growth in the Absence of the Dithiol: Disulfide Oxidoreductase DsbA Mol. Cell. Proteomics, May 1, 2008; 7(5): 875 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Purins, L. Van Den Bosch, V. Richardson, and R. Morona Coiled-coil regions play a role in the function of the Shigella flexneri O-antigen chain length regulator WzzpHS2 Microbiology, April 1, 2008; 154(4): 1104 - 1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Flannagan and M. A. Valvano Burkholderia cenocepacia requires RpoE for growth under stress conditions and delay of phagolysosomal fusion in macrophages Microbiology, February 1, 2008; 154(2): 643 - 653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. F. da Silva Neto, T. Koide, S. L. Gomes, and M. V. Marques The Single Extracytoplasmic-Function Sigma Factor of Xylella fastidiosa Is Involved in the Heat Shock Response and Presents an Unusual Regulatory Mechanism J. Bacteriol., January 15, 2007; 189(2): 551 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Schenk, M. Berger, L. M. Keith, C. L. Bender, G. Muskhelishvili, and M. S. Ullrich The algT Gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and New Insights into the Transcriptional Organization of the algT-muc Gene Cluster J. Bacteriol., December 1, 2006; 188(23): 8013 - 8021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zahrl, M. Wagner, K. Bischof, and G. Koraimann Expression and Assembly of a Functional Type IV Secretion System Elicit Extracytoplasmic and Cytoplasmic Stress Responses in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol., September 1, 2006; 188(18): 6611 - 6621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Kazmierczak, M. Wiedmann, and K. J. Boor Alternative Sigma Factors and Their Roles in Bacterial Virulence Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 2005; 69(4): 527 - 543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Md. S. Kabir, D. Yamashita, S. Koyama, T. Oshima, K. Kurokawa, M. Maeda, R. Tsunedomi, M. Murata, C. Wada, H. Mori, et al. Cell lysis directed by {sigma}E in early stationary phase and effect of induction of the rpoE gene on global gene expression in Escherichia coli Microbiology, August 1, 2005; 151(8): 2721 - 2735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-M. Seong, J.-Y. Choi, H.-J. Park, K.-J. Kim, S.-G. Ahn, G.-H. Seong, I.-K. Kim, S. Kang, and H. Rhim Autocatalytic Processing of HtrA2/Omi Is Essential for Induction of Caspase-dependent Cell Death through Antagonizing XIAP J. Biol. Chem., September 3, 2004; 279(36): 37588 - 37596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Humphreys, G. Rowley, A. Stevenson, M. F. Anjum, M. J. Woodward, S. Gilbert, J. Kormanec, and M. Roberts Role of the Two-Component Regulator CpxAR in the Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Infect. Immun., August 1, 2004; 72(8): 4654 - 4661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Fahrenkrog, U. Sauder, and U. Aebi The S. cerevisiae HtrA-like protein Nma111p is a nuclear serine protease that mediates yeast apoptosis J. Cell Sci., January 1, 2004; 117(1): 115 - 126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kuchanny-Ardigo and B. Lipinska Cloning and characterization of the groE heat-shock operon of the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi Microbiology, June 1, 2003; 149(6): 1483 - 1492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.-Y. Nie, Y. Li, H. Minoura, L. Batten, G. T. Ooi, J. K. Findlay, and L. A. Salamonsen A novel serine protease of the mammalian HtrA family is up-regulated in mouse uterus coinciding with placentation Mol. Hum. Reprod., May 1, 2003; 9(5): 279 - 290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Kinghorn, C. P. O'Byrne, I. R. Booth, and I. Stansfield Physiological analysis of the role of truB in Escherichia coli: a role for tRNA modification in extreme temperature resistance Microbiology, November 1, 2002; 148(11): 3511 - 3520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. Jones, P. Dexter, A. K. Evans, C. Liu, S. J. Hultgren, and D. E. Hruby Escherichia coli DegP Protease Cleaves between Paired Hydrophobic Residues in a Natural Substrate: the PapA Pilin J. Bacteriol., October 15, 2002; 184(20): 5762 - 5771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Sebert, L. M. Palmer, M. Rosenberg, and J. N. Weiser Microarray-Based Identification of htrA, a Streptococcus pneumoniae Gene That Is Regulated by the CiaRH Two-Component System and Contributes to Nasopharyngeal Colonization Infect. Immun., August 1, 2002; 70(8): 4059 - 4067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Firoved, J. C. Boucher, and V. Deretic Global Genomic Analysis of AlgU ({sigma}E)-Dependent Promoters (Sigmulon) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Implications for Inflammatory Processes in Cystic Fibrosis J. Bacteriol., February 15, 2002; 184(4): 1057 - 1064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Langen, J. R. Harper, T. J. Silhavy, and S. P. Howard Absence of the Outer Membrane Phospholipase A Suppresses the Temperature-Sensitive Phenotype of Escherichia coli degP Mutants and Induces the Cpx and {sigma}E Extracytoplasmic Stress Responses J. Bacteriol., September 15, 2001; 183(18): 5230 - 5238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. Jones, T. C. Bolken, K. F. Jones, G. O. Zeller, and D. E. Hruby Conserved DegP Protease in Gram-Positive Bacteria Is Essential for Thermal and Oxidative Tolerance and Full Virulence in Streptococcus pyogenes Infect. Immun., September 1, 2001; 69(9): 5538 - 5545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Hild, K. Takayama, R.-M. Olsson, and S. Kjelleberg Evidence for a Role of rpoE in Stressed and Unstressed Cells of Marine Vibrio angustum Strain S14 J. Bacteriol., December 15, 2000; 182(24): 6964 - 6974. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. I. Resto-Ruiz, D. Sweger, R. H. Widen, N. Valkov, and B. E. Anderson Transcriptional Activation of the htrA (High-Temperature Requirement A) Gene from Bartonella henselae Infect. Immun., October 1, 2000; 68(10): 5970 - 5978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Nitta, H. Nagamitsu, M. Murata, H. Izu, and M. Yamada Function of the sigma E Regulon in Dead-Cell Lysis in Stationary-Phase Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol., September 15, 2000; 182(18): 5231 - 5237. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Faccio, C. Fusco, A. Chen, S. Martinotti, J. V. Bonventre, and A. S. Zervos Characterization of a Novel Human Serine Protease That Has Extensive Homology to Bacterial Heat Shock Endoprotease HtrA and Is Regulated by Kidney Ischemia J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2581 - 2588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. L. Raivio, D. L. Popkin, and T. J. Silhavy The Cpx Envelope Stress Response Is Controlled by Amplification and Feedback Inhibition J. Bacteriol., September 1, 1999; 181(17): 5263 - 5272. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Humphreys, A. Stevenson, A. Bacon, A. B. Weinhardt, and M. Roberts The Alternative Sigma Factor, sigma E, Is Critically Important for the Virulence of Salmonella typhimurium Infect. Immun., April 1, 1999; 67(4): 1560 - 1568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-I. Hu, M. Carozza, M. Klein, P. Nantermet, D. Luk, and R. M. Crowl Human HtrA, an Evolutionarily Conserved Serine Protease Identified as a Differentially Expressed Gene Product in Osteoarthritic Cartilage J. Biol. Chem., December 18, 1998; 273(51): 34406 - 34412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Smeds, P. Varmanen, and A. Palva Molecular Characterization of a Stress-Inducible Gene from Lactobacillus helveticus J. Bacteriol., December 1, 1998; 180(23): 6148 - 6153. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Fabret and J. A. Hoch A Two-Component Signal Transduction System Essential for Growth of Bacillus subtilis: Implications for Anti-Infective Therapy J. Bacteriol., December 1, 1998; 180(23): 6375 - 6383. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. B. Berlyn Linkage Map of Escherichia coli K-12, Edition 10: The Traditional Map Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 1998; 62(3): 814 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Roberts, J. Li, A. Bacon, and S. Chatfield Oral Vaccination against Tetanus: Comparison of the Immunogenicities of Salmonella Strains Expressing Fragment C from the nirB and htrA Promoters Infect. Immun., July 1, 1998; 66(7): 3080 - 3087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Connolly, A. D. L. Penas, B. M. Alba, and C. A. Gross The response to extracytoplasmic stress in Escherichia coli is controlled by partially overlapping pathways Genes & Dev., August 1, 1997; 11(15): 2012 - 2021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Pogliano, A S Lynch, D Belin, E C Lin, and J Beckwith Regulation of Escherichia coli cell envelope proteins involved in protein folding and degradation by the Cpx two-component system. Genes & Dev., May 1, 1997; 11(9): 1169 - 1182. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P N Danese and T J Silhavy The sigma(E) and the Cpx signal transduction systems control the synthesis of periplasmic protein-folding enzymes in Escherichia coli. Genes & Dev., May 1, 1997; 11(9): 1183 - 1193. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Skorko-Glonek, J. Skórko-Glonek, K. Krzewski, G. Zolese, E. Bertoli, and F. Tanfani HtrA Heat Shock Protease Interacts with Phospholipid Membranes and Undergoes Conformational Changes J. Biol. Chem., April 4, 1997; 272(14): 8974 - 8982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P N Danese, W B Snyder, C L Cosma, L J Davis, and T J Silhavy The Cpx two-component signal transduction pathway of Escherichia coli regulates transcription of the gene specifying the stress-inducible periplasmic protease, DegP. Genes & Dev., February 15, 1995; 9(4): 387 - 398. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Mecsas, P E Rouviere, J W Erickson, T J Donohue, and C A Gross The activity of sigma E, an Escherichia coli heat-inducible sigma-factor, is modulated by expression of outer membrane proteins. Genes & Dev., December 1, 1993; 7(12b): 2618 - 2628. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Lensch, R. G. Herrmann, and A. Sokolenko Identification and Characterization of SppA, a Novel Light-inducible Chloroplast Protease Complex Associated with Thylakoid Membranes J. Biol. Chem., August 31, 2001; 276(36): 33645 - 33651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|