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Nucleic Acids Research, 1989, Vol. 17, No. 2 601-615
© 1989

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Regulation of the human ß-actin promoter by upstream and intron domains

Sun-Yu Ng1,2, Peter Gunning4,+, Shu-Hui Liu2,3, John Leavitt1 and Larry Kedes4,*

1Armand Hammer Cancer Research Center, Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine 440 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA 2Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica Nankang, Taipei 11529 3Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30043, China 4MEDIGEN Project, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA

*Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, University of Southern California School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

Received October 11, 1988. Accepted December 20, 1988.

We have identified three regulatory domains of the complex human ß-actin gene promoter. They span a region of about 3000 bases, from not more than -2011 bases upstream of the mRNA cap site to within the 5' intron (832 bases long). A distal upstream domain contains at least one enhancer-like element. A proximal upstream domain, with a CArG [for CC(A+T rich)6GG] motif found in all known mammalian actin genes, seems to confer serum, but not growth factor, inducibility. The third domain is within the evolutionarily conserved 3' region of the first intron and contains a 13 base-pair sequence, identical to the upstream sequence with the CArG motif. This domain also contains sequences that are both serum and fibroblast growth factor inducible.

+Present address: Children's Medical Research Foundation, PO Box 61, Camperdown 2050, NSW, Australia


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