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Nucleic Acids Research, 1990, Vol. 18, No. 14 4191-4195
© 1990

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

X chromosome inactivation of the human TIMP gene

Carolyn J. Brown1,2, Ann M. FIenniken2,3, Bryan R.G. Williams2,3 and Huntington F. Willard1,*

1Department of Genetics, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA 2Department of Medical Genetics University of Toronto, Canada 3Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Canada

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

Received March 30, 1990. Revised June 14, 1990. Accepted June 14, 1990.

X chromosome inactivation results in the cis-limited inactivation of most, but not all, genes on one of the two X chromosomes in mammalian females. The molecular basis for inactivation is unknown. In order to examine the transcriptional activity of human X-linked genes, a series of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids under positive selection for the active or inactive human X chromosome has been created. Northern blot analysis of RNA from these hybrids showed that the human MIC2 gene, which is known to escape X inactivation, was transcribed in hybrids with either the active or inactive X chromosome. In contrast, the human TIMP gene was only transcribed in hybrids with an active human X chromosome. Further analysis using the polymerase chain reaction showed that there was at least one-hundred fold less transcription of the TIMP gene from the inactive X than from the active X chromosome. These findings demonstrate that the human TIMP gene is subject to X inactivation at the level of transcription, and illustrate the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction to study the extent of X-linked gene repression by the process of X inactivation.


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