Nucleic Acids Research, 1990, Vol. 18, No. 23 6793-6798
© 1990
Articles |
Structure and variability of recently inserted Alu family members
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA 2laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed
Received September 28, 1990. Revised November 1, 1990. Accepted November 1, 1990.
The HS subfamily of Alu sequences is comprised of a group of nearly identical members. Individual subfamily members share 97.7% nucleotide identity with each other and 98.9% nucleotide identity with the HS consensus sequence. Individual subfamily members are on the average 2.8 million years old, and were probably derived from a single source ‘master’ gene sometime after the human/great ape divergence. The recent Alu family member insertions provide a better image of the structure of Alu retroposons before they have had the opportunity to change significantly. All of the HS subfamily members are flanked by perfect direct repeats as a result of insertion at staggered nicks. The ‘master’ gene from which the HS subfamily members were derived had an oligo-dA rich tail at least 40 bases long. The ‘master’ gene is very rich in CpG dinucleotldes, but nucleotide substitutions within subfamily members accumulated in a random manner typical for Alu sequences with CpG substitutions occurring 9.2 fold faster than non-CpG substitutions.
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