Nucleic Acids Research, 1991, Vol. 19, No. 15 4225-4231
© 1991
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY |
A nuclear factor binds to the metal regulatory elements of the mouse gene encoding metallothionein-I
Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Québec G1 A 2J6 Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec G1K 7P4, Canada 1Dipartmento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, II Facoltè di Medicinè e Chirurgia, Universitè di Napoli Naples 80131, Italy
¢To whom correspondence should be addressed
Received March 26, 1991. Revised July 3, 1991. Accepted July 3, 1991.
The ability of vertebrate metallothionein (MT) genes to be induced by heavy metals is controlled by metal regulatory elements (MREs) present in the promoter in multiple, non-identical copies. The binding specificity of the mouse L-cell nuclear factor(s) that interact with the element MREd of the mouse MT-I gene was analyzed by in vitro footprinting, protein blotting, and UV cross-linking assays. In vitro footprinting analyses revealed that synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (oligomers) corresponding to the metal regulatory elements MREa, MREb, MREc, MREd and MREe of the mouse MT-I gene, as well as the MRE4 of the human MT-IIA gene and the MREa of the trout MT-B gene, all competed for the nuclear protein species binding to the MREd region of the mouse MT-I gene, the MREe oligomer being the weakest competitor. In addition, protein blotting experiments revealed that a nuclear protein of 108 kDa, termed metal element protein-1 (MEP-1), which specifically binds with high affinity to mouse MREd, binds with different affinities to the other mouse MRE elements, mimicking their relative transcriptional strength in vivo: MREd 
MREa = MREc > MREb > MREe > MREf. Similarly, human MRE4 and trout MREa bind to MEP-1. A protein similar in size to MEP-1 was also detected in HeLa-cell nuclear extracts. In UV cross-linking experiments the major protein species, complexed with mouse MREd oligomers, migrated on a denaturating gel with an apparent Mr of 115 000 and was detected using each of the mouse MRE oligomers tested. These results show that a mouse nuclear factor can bind to multiple MREs in mouse, trout, and human MT genes.
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