Nucleic Acids Research, 1992, Vol. 20, No. 7 1483-1486
© 1992
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY |
Artificial steroid hormone response element generated by dam-methylation
Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, E.-Mannkopff-StraBe 2, D-3550 Marburg 1Max-Planck-lnsitut für Biophysikalische-Chemie, Nikolausberg, 3400 Göttingen Germany
*To whom correspondence should be addressed
Received February 11, 1992. Revised March 9, 1992. Accepted March 9, 1992.
Using the interaction of steroid hormone receptors with their pallndromic response elements as an example, we show here that cloning in dam+ bacterial strains can lead to artifactual results due to methylation of adenine residues at the N-6 position. Substitution of the T by an A in the third position of the half palindromes of the hormone responsive element TGTTCT(1) yields a functional element only when amplification is made in dam+ bacteria. Mutant palindromes methylated at the N-6 position of this adenine exhibit the same affinity for progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors as the consensus response element, whereas their unmethylated counterpart binds with negligible affinity. These observations underline the significance of hydrophobic interactions between receptors and the major groove of the DNA for discrimination among various responsive elements, and point to the importance of using dam bacterial strains for the correct identification of the nucleotide sequence of cis-acting elements.
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