Nucleic Acids Research, 1994, Vol. 22, No. 19 3911-3917
© 1994
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY |
The nucleic acid-binding zinc finger protein of potato virus M is translated by internal initiation as well as by ribosomal frameshifting involving a shifty stop codon and a novel mechanism of P-site slippage
Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
*To whom correspondence should be addressed
Received June 16, 1994. Revised August 23, 1994. Accepted August 23, 1994.
The genes for the capsid protein CP and the nucleic acid-binding 12K protein (pr12) of potato virus M (PVM) constitute the 3' terminal gene cluster of the PVM RNA genome. Both proteins are presumably translated from a single subgenomic RNA. We have identified two translational strategies operating in pr12 gene expression. Internal initiation at the first and the second AUG codon of the pr12 coding sequence results in the synthesis of the 12K protein. In addition the protein is produced as a CP/12K transframe protein by ribosomal frameshifting. For these studies parts of the CP and pr12 coding sequences including the putative frameshift region were introduced into an internal position of the ß-glucuronidase gene. Mutational analyses in conjunction with in vitro translation experiments identified a homopolymeric string of four adenosine nucleotides which together with a 3' flanking UGA stop codon were required for efficient frameshifting. The signal AAAAUGA is the first frameshift signal with a shifty stop codon to be analyzed in the eukaryotic system. Substitution of the four consecutive adenosine nucleotides by UUUU increased the efficiency of frameshifting, while substitution by GGGG or CCCC dramatically reduced the synthesis of the transframe protein. Also, UAA and UAG could replace the opal stop codon without effect on the frameshifting event, but mutation of UGA to the sense codon UGG inhibited transframe protein formation. These findings suggest that the mechanism of ribosomal frameshifting at the PVM signal is different from the one described by the ‘simultaneous slippage’ model in that only the string of four adenosine nucleotides represents the slippery sequence involved in a – 1 P-site slippage.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  I. P. Ivanov and J. F. Atkins Ribosomal frameshifting in decoding antizyme mRNAs from yeast and protists to humans: close to 300 cases reveal remarkable diversity despite underlying conservation Nucleic Acids Res., March 19, 2007; 35(6): 1842 - 1858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Belfield, R. K. Hughes, N. Tsesmetzis, M. J. Naldrett, and R. Casey The gateway pDEST17 expression vector encodes a -1 ribosomal frameshifting sequence Nucleic Acids Res., February 28, 2007; 35(4): 1322 - 1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Ho and W. R. Green Alternative Translational Products and Cryptic T Cell Epitopes: Expecting the Unexpected J. Immunol., December 15, 2006; 177(12): 8283 - 8289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Zook, M. T. Howard, G. Sinnathamby, J. F. Atkins, and L. C. Eisenlohr Epitopes Derived by Incidental Translational Frameshifting Give Rise to a Protective CTL Response. J. Immunol., June 1, 2006; 176(11): 6928 - 6934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. T. HOWARD, R. F. GESTELAND, and J. F. ATKINS Efficient stimulation of site-specific ribosome frameshifting by antisense oligonucleotides RNA, October 20, 2004; 10(10): 1653 - 1661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. GAO, E. R. HAVECKER, P. V. BARANOV, J. F. ATKINS, and D. F. VOYTAS Translational recoding signals between gag and pol in diverse LTR retrotransposons RNA, December 1, 2003; 9(12): 1422 - 1430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Boulant, M. Becchi, F. Penin, and J.-P. Lavergne Unusual Multiple Recoding Events Leading to Alternative Forms of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein from Genotype 1b J. Biol. Chem., November 14, 2003; 278(46): 45785 - 45792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. G. Doak, D. J. Witherspoon, C. L. Jahn, and G. Herrick Selection on the Genes of Euplotes crassus Tec1 and Tec2 Transposons: Evolutionary Appearance of a Programmed Frameshift in a Tec2 Gene Encoding a Tyrosine Family Site-Specific Recombinase Eukaryot. Cell, February 1, 2003; 2(1): 95 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Li, A. L. Wang, and C. C. Wang Structural Analysis of the -1 Ribosomal Frameshift Elements in Giardiavirus mRNA J. Virol., November 15, 2001; 75(22): 10612 - 10622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Zhao, A. G. Cox, J. A. Ruzicka, A. A. Bhat, W. Zhang, and E. W. Taylor Molecular modeling and in vitro activity of an HIV-1-encoded glutathione peroxidase PNAS, June 6, 2000; 97(12): 6356 - 6361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Mejlhede, J. F. Atkins, and J. Neuhard Ribosomal -1 Frameshifting during Decoding of Bacillus subtilis cdd Occurs at the Sequence CGA AAG J. Bacteriol., May 1, 1999; 181(9): 2930 - 2937. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Lu, L. Swevers, and K. Iatrou The p95 Gene of Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus: Temporal Expression and Functional Properties J. Virol., June 1, 1998; 72(6): 4789 - 4797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|