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Nucleic Acids Research, 1994, Vol. 22, No. 2 115-123
© 1994

RNA

Characterization of serine and leucine tRNAs in an asporogenic yeast Candida cylindraceaand evolutionary implications of genes for tRNASerCAG responsible for translation of a non-universal genetic code

Tsutomu Suzuki, Takuya Ueda*, Takashi Yokogawa1, Kazuya Nishikawa1 and Kimitsuna Watanabe

Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biosdence and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 227, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

Received December 13, 1993. Accepted December 16, 1993.

Five serine and three leucine isoacceptor tRNAs were purified from the asporogenic yeast Candida cylindracea, in which codon CUG is translated as serine Instead of leucine [1], and their primary structures were determined. From the wobble hypothesis [2], it was assumed that one of the tRNALeu species (Leu1), with the antlcodon CmAA, corresponded to the UUG leucine codon, and that the remaining two leucine tRNAs (Leu2 and Leu3), with the same IAG antlcodon sequence, would decode the CUU, CUC and CUA codons as leucine, but not the CUG codon ; this was clarified by an In vitro translation experiment with C.cylindracea using synthetic mRNAs containing the CUA or CUG codons. One of the serine tRNAs (Ser1) has already been demonstrated to have the antlcodon CAG and to be responsible for translation of the codon CUG In C.cylindracea [3]. Three of the other species of tRNASer(Ser2,3 and 4), with the anticodon sequences cm5UGA, IGA and CGA, can translate all four codons in the UCN codon box, while the remaining species (Ser5), with the anticodon GCU, corresponds to AGU and AGC serine codons. The gene sequences for these five serine and three leucine tRNAs were also determined, with the finding that only tRNASerCAG (Ser1) has an Intron. At least five different types of tRNASerCAG genes exist in the genome of C.cylindracea. The nucleotide sequences of the flanking regions of these tRNASerCAG genes indicated that the tRNASerCAG gene has duplicated at least three times on the genome. The existence of multiple genes for tRNASerCAG on the genome may account for the observation that codon CUG is used very frequently in C.cylindracea. All of these tRNASerCAG genes contain the CCA sequence in their 3' termini, suggesting the possibility that during their multiplication process In the evolution of the C.cylindracea genome, the tRNASerCAG molecule was Integrated into DNA via reverse transcription.


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