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Nucleic Acids Research, 1994, Vol. 22, No. 21 4520-4526
© 1994

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The cooperative binding of chromosomal protein HMG-14 to nucleosome cores is reduced by single point mutations in the nucleosomal binding domain

Yuri V. Postnikov, Donald A. Lehn, Richard C. Robinson, Fred K. Frideman, Joseph Shiloach1 and Michael Bustin*

Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NC1 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA 1Biotechnology Unit, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

Received April 12, 1994. Revised September 14, 1994. Accepted September 14, 1994.

Mutants of human chromosomal protein HMG-14 were generated by site directed mutagenesis and used to study functional domains in this protein. A replacement of serine by cysteine at position 7 did not affect the binding of the protein to nucleosome cores. The sulfhydryl group in the nucleosome-bound protein is accessible to modifying agents suggesting that position 7 in the protein is not in close contact with either the DNA or the histones in the core particles. Under cooperative binding conditions, replacements of alanine by proline at position 21, or of lysine by cysteine at position 26, decreased the affinity of the protein for nucleosome cores 6.7- and 3-fold respectively. In contrast, the non-cooperative mode of binding was only minimally affected. A replacement of glutamic acid by glutamine at position 76 caused only minor changes in the binding of the protein to the cores. The results indicate that single point mutations, which change either the conformation or charge in the nucleosomal binding domain of the protein, significantly reduce the ability of the HMG-14 protein to bind to nucleosome cores. We suggest that in chromatin the protein binds to nucleosomes in a cooperative manner and that upon binding to nucleosomes the protein acquires a distinct conformation.


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