Nucleic Acids Research, 1994, Vol. 22, No. 9 1724-1734
© 1994
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Mutational analysis of the PRP4 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests domain structure and snRNP interactions
Department of Medical Genetics, University of Toronto and Department of Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
*To whom correspondence should be addressed
Received October 4, 1993. Revised March 18, 1994. Accepted March 18, 1994.
The PRP4 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an essential part of the U4/U6 snRNP, a component of the mRNA splicing apparatus. As an approach to the determination of structure–function relationships in the PRP4 protein, we have isolated more than fifty new alleles of the PRP4 gene through random and site-directed mutagenesis, and have analyzed the phenotypes of many of them. Twelve of the fourteen single-point mutations that give rise to temperature-sensitive (ts) or null phenotypes are located in the portion of the PRP4 gene that corresponds to the ß-transducin-like region of the protein; the remaining two are located in the central portion of the gene, one of them in an arginine–lysine-rich region. Nine additional deletion or deletion/insertion mutations were isolated at both the amino- and carboxy-termini. These data show that the amino-terminal region (108 amino acids) of PRP4 is non-essential, while the carboxy-terminal region is essential up to the penultimate amino acid. A deletion of one entire ß-transducin-like repeat (the third of five) resulted in a null phenotype. All ts mutants show a first-step defect in the splicing of U3 snRNA primary transcript in vivo at the non-permissive temperature. The effects on prp4 mutant growth of increased copy-number of mutant prp4 genes themselves, and of genes for other components of the U4/U6 snRNP (PRP3 and U6 snRNA) have also been studied. We suggest that the PRP4 protein has at least three domains: a non-essential amino-terminal segment of at least 108 amino acids, a central basic region of about 140 residues that is relatively refractile to mutation and might be involved in RNA interaction, and an essential carboxy-terminal region of about 210 residues with the five repeat-regions that are similar to ß-transducins, which might be involved in protein–protein interaction. A model of interactions of snRNP components suggested by these results is presented.
+Present address: Department of Cancer Biology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
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