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Nucleic Acids Research, 1995, Vol. 23, No. 1 170-175
© 1995

GENOME STRUCTURE AND MAPPING

Ubiquitous mammalian-wide interspersed repeats (MIRs) are molecular fossils from the mesozoic era

Jerzy Jurka, Ewa Zietkiewicz1 and Damian Labuda1,*

Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine 440 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA 1Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec H3T1C5, Canada

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

Received August 24, 1994. Revised November 25, 1994. Accepted November 25, 1994.

Short interspersed elements (SINES) are ubiquitous in mammalian genomes. Remarkable variety of these repeats among placental orders indicates that most of them amplified in each lineage independently, following mammalian radiation. Here, we present an ancient family of repeats, whose sequence. divergence and common occurrence among placental mammals, marsupials and monotremes indicate their amplification during the Mesozoic era. They are called MlRs for abundant Mammalian-wide Interspersed Repeats. With approximately 120,000 copies still detectable in the human genome (0.2-0.3% DNA), MlRs represent a ‘fossilized’ record of a major genetic event preceding the radiation of placental orders.


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