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Nucleic Acids Research, 1995, Vol. 23, No. 24 4992-4999
© 1995


Articles

A new DNA sequence assembly program

James K. Bonfield, Kathryn F. Smith and Rodger Staden*

MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

Received September 29, 1995. Accepted November 15, 1995.

We describe the Genome Assembly Program (GAP), a new program for DNA sequence assembly. The program is suitable for large and small projects, a variety of strategies and can handle data from a range of sequencing instruments. It retains the useful components of our previous work, but includes many novel Ideas and methods. Many of these methods have been made possible by the program's completely new, and highly interactive, graphical user interface. The program provides many visual clues to the current state of a sequencing project and allows users to interact In intuitive and graphical ways with their data. The program has tools to display and manipulate the various types of data that help to solve and check difficult assemblies, particularly those in repetitive genomes. We have introduced the following new displays: the Contig Selector, the Contlg Comparator, the Template Display, the Restriction Enzyme Map and the Stop Codon Map. We have also made it possible to have any number of Contig Editors and Contig Joining Editors running simultaneously even on the same contig. The program also includes a new ‘Directed Assembly’ algorithm and routines for automatically detecting unfinished segments of sequence, to which it suggests experimental solutions.


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M. R. Ehrenstein, C. Rada, A.-M. Jones, C. Milstein, and M. S. Neuberger
Switch junction sequences in PMS2-deficient mice reveal a microhomology-mediated mechanism of Ig class switch recombination
PNAS, November 15, 2001; (2001) 241525998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Infect. Immun.Home page
M. V. Tullius, G. Harth, and M. A. Horwitz
High Extracellular Levels of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Glutamine Synthetase and Superoxide Dismutase in Actively Growing Cultures Are Due to High Expression and Extracellular Stability Rather than to a Protein-Specific Export Mechanism
Infect. Immun., October 1, 2001; 69(10): 6348 - 6363.
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J. Bacteriol.Home page
D. Baitsch, C. Sandu, R. Brandsch, and G. L. Igloi
Gene Cluster on pAO1 of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans Involved in Degradation of the Plant Alkaloid Nicotine: Cloning, Purification, and Characterization of 2,6-Dihydroxypyridine 3-Hydroxylase
J. Bacteriol., September 15, 2001; 183(18): 5262 - 5267.
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MicrobiologyHome page
P. J. Fernandes, J. A. C. Powell, and J. A. C. Archer
Construction of Rhodococcus random mutagenesis libraries using Tn5 transposition complexes
Microbiology, September 1, 2001; 147(9): 2529 - 2536.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
P. A. Pevzner, H. Tang, and M. S. Waterman
An Eulerian path approach to DNA fragment assembly
PNAS, August 14, 2001; 98(17): 9748 - 9753.
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Genome ResHome page
P. V. Benos, M. K. Gatt, L. Murphy, D. Harris, B. Barrell, C. Ferraz, S. Vidal, C. Brun, J. Demaille, E. Cadieu, et al.
From First Base: The Sequence of the Tip of the X Chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, a Comparison of Two Sequencing Strategies
Genome Res., May 1, 2001; 11(5): 710 - 730.
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Plant Physiol.Home page
N. C. Collins, T. Lahaye, C. Peterhänsel, A. Freialdenhoven, M. Corbitt, and P. Schulze-Lefert
Sequence Haplotypes Revealed by Sequence-Tagged Site Fine Mapping of the Ror1 Gene in the Centromeric Region of Barley Chromosome 1H
Plant Physiology, March 1, 2001; 125(3): 1236 - 1247.
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J. Virol.Home page
M. A. Sacco, K. Howes, and K. Venugopal
Intact EAV-HP Endogenous Retrovirus in Sonnerat's Jungle Fowl
J. Virol., February 15, 2001; 75(4): 2029 - 2032.
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Hum Mol GenetHome page
R. J. Daniels, J. F. Peden, C. Lloyd, S. W. Horsley, K. Clark, C. Tufarelli, L. Kearney, V. J. Buckle, N. A. Doggett, J. Flint, et al.
Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16
Hum. Mol. Genet., February 1, 2001; 10(4): 339 - 352.
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J. Cell Sci.Home page
B. Janssens, S. Goossens, K. Staes, B. Gilbert, J. van Hengel, C. Colpaert, E. Bruyneel, M. Mareel, and F. van Roy
{alpha}T-Catenin: a novel tissue-specific {beta}-catenin-binding protein mediating strong cell-cell adhesion
J. Cell Sci., January 9, 2001; 114(17): 3177 - 3188.
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J. Gen. Virol.Home page
S. Evans, D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton
Utilizing fowlpox virus recombinants to generate defective RNAs of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus
J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2000; 81(12): 2855 - 2865.
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Mol Biol EvolHome page
D. D. Pollock, J. A. Eisen, N. A. Doggett, and M. P. Cummings
A Case for Evolutionary Genomics and the Comprehensive Examination of Sequence Biodiversity
Mol. Biol. Evol., December 1, 2000; 17(12): 1776 - 1788.
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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
C. A. Whistler, V. O. Stockwell, and J. E. Loper
Lon Protease Influences Antibiotic Production and UV Tolerance of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2000; 66(7): 2718 - 2725.
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Genome ResHome page
A.-M. Mallon, M. Platzer, R. Bate, G. Gloeckner, M.R.M. Botcherby, G. Nordsiek, M.A. Strivens, P. Kioschis, A. Dangel, D. Cunningham, et al.
Comparative Genome Sequence Analysis of the Bpa/Str Region in Mouse and Man
Genome Res., June 1, 2000; 10(6): 758 - 775.
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Genome ResHome page
A. M. Nedelcu, R. W. Lee, C. Lemieux, M. W. Gray, and G. Burger
The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of Scenedesmus obliquus Reflects an Intermediate Stage in the Evolution of the Green Algal Mitochondrial Genome
Genome Res., June 1, 2000; 10(6): 819 - 831.
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Genome ResHome page
P. A. Lyons, N. Armitage, F. Argentina, P. Denny, N. J. Hill, C. J. Lord, M. B. Wilusz, L. B. Peterson, L. S. Wicker, and J. A. Todd
Congenic Mapping of the Type 1 Diabetes Locus, Idd3, to a 780-kb Region of Mouse Chromosome 3: Identification of a Candidate Segment of Ancestral DNA by Haplotype Mapping
Genome Res., April 1, 2000; 10(4): 446 - 453.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
B. Silakowski, H. U. Schairer, H. Ehret, B. Kunze, S. Weinig, G. Nordsiek, P. Brandt, H. Blocker, G. Hofle, S. Beyer, et al.
New Lessons for Combinatorial Biosynthesis from Myxobacteria. THE MYXOTHIAZOL BIOSYNTHETIC GENE CLUSTER OF Stigmatella aurantiaca DW4/3-1
J. Biol. Chem., December 24, 1999; 274(52): 37391 - 37399.
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MicrobiologyHome page
L. Frangeul, K. E. Nelson, C. Buchrieser, A. Danchin, P. Glaser, and F. Kunst
Cloning and assembly strategies in microbial genome projects
Microbiology, October 1, 1999; 145(10): 2625 - 2634.
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J. Gen. Virol.Home page
A Alcami, A Khanna, N. Paul, and G. Smith
Vaccinia virus strains Lister, USSR and Evans express soluble and cell- surface tumour necrosis factor receptors
J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 1999; 80(4): 949 - 959.
[Abstract]


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Genome ResHome page
S. Haapa, S. Suomalainen, S. Eerikäinen, M. Airaksinen, L. Paulin, and H. Savilahti
An Efficient DNA Sequencing Strategy Based on the Bacteriophage Mu in Vitro DNA Transposition Reaction
Genome Res., March 1, 1999; 9(3): 308 - 315.
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J. Cell Sci.Home page
S Bonne, J van Hengel, F Nollet, P Kools, and F van Roy
Plakophilin-3, a novel armadillo-like protein present in nuclei and desmosomes of epithelial cells
J. Cell Sci., January 7, 1999; 112(14): 2265 - 2276.
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ScienceHome page
The C. elegans Sequencing Consortium
Genome Sequence of the Nematode C. elegans: A Platform for Investigating Biology
Science, December 11, 1998; 282(5396): 2012 - 2018.
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Genome ResHome page
T. S. Centre and T. W. U. G. S. Center
Toward a Complete Human Genome Sequence
Genome Res., November 1, 1998; 8(11): 1097 - 1108.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
F. Sterky, S. Regan, J. Karlsson, M. Hertzberg, A. Rohde, A. Holmberg, B. Amini, R. Bhalerao, M. Larsson, R. Villarroel, et al.
Gene discovery in the wood-forming tissues of poplar: Analysis of 5,692 expressed sequence tags
PNAS, October 27, 1998; 95(22): 13330 - 13335.
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Genome ResHome page
M. C. Wendl, S. Dear, D. Hodgson, and L. Hillier
Automated Sequence Preprocessing in a Large-Scale Sequencing Environment
Genome Res., September 1, 1998; 8(9): 975 - 984.
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Genome ResHome page
P. Taillon-Miller, Z. Gu, Q. Li, L. Hillier, and P.-Y. Kwok
Overlapping Genomic Sequences: A Treasure Trove of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Genome Res., July 1, 1998; 8(7): 748 - 754.
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Genome ResHome page
D. Gordon, C. Abajian, and P. Green
Consed: A Graphical Tool for Sequence Finishing
Genome Res., March 1, 1998; 8(3): 195 - 202.
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Genome ResHome page
S. Dear, R. Durbin, L. Hillier, G. Marth, J. Thierry-Mieg, and R. Mott
Sequence Assembly with CAFTOOLS
Genome Res., March 1, 1998; 8(3): 260 - 267.
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Genome ResHome page
F. Francis, T. M. Strom, S. Hennig, A. Boddrich, B. Lorenz, O. Brandau, K. L. Mohnike, M. Cagnoli, C. Steffens, S. Klages, et al.
Genomic Organization of the Human PEX Gene Mutated in X-Linked Dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Genome Res., June 1, 1997; 7(6): 573 - 585.
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Genome ResHome page
D Tremousaygue, C Bardet, P Dabos, F Regad, F Pelese, R Nazer, E Gander, and B Lescure
Genome DNA sequencing around the EF-1 alpha multigene locus of Arabidopsis thaliana indicates a high gene density and a shuffling of noncoding regions.
Genome Res., March 1, 1997; 7(3): 198 - 209.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Genome ResHome page
K Kawasaki, S Minoshima, E Nakato, K Shibuya, A Shintani, J L Schmeits, J Wang, and N Shimizu
One-megabase sequence analysis of the human immunoglobulin lambda gene locus.
Genome Res., March 1, 1997; 7(3): 250 - 261.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. R. Ehrenstein, C. Rada, A.-M. Jones, C. Milstein, and M. S. Neuberger
Switch junction sequences in PMS2-deficient mice reveal a microhomology-mediated mechanism of Ig class switch recombination
PNAS, December 4, 2001; 98(25): 14553 - 14558.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Genome ResHome page
W. J. Kent and D. Haussler
Assembly of the Working Draft of the Human Genome with GigAssembler
Genome Res., September 1, 2001; 11(9): 1541 - 1548.
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