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Nucleic Acids Research, 1995, Vol. 23, No. 9 1584-1589
© 1995

ENZYMOLOGY

Methylation of slipped duplexes, snapbacks and cruciforms by human DNA(cytosine-5)methyltransferase

All Laayoun* and Steven S. Smith

Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at present address: Laboratoire des Sondes Nucléiques, UMR bio-Mérieux, CNRS n° 103, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 allée d'ltalic, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France

Received December 9, 1994. Revised March 16, 1995. Accepted March 16, 1995.

When human DNA(cytosine-5)methyttransferase was rused to methylate a series of snapback ollgodeoxy-nucleotides of differing stem lengths, each containing a centrally located CG dinucleotlde recognition site, the enzyme required a minimum of 22 base pairs in the stem for maximum activity. Extrahelical cytosines In slipped duplexes that were 30 base pairs In length acted as effective methyl acceptors and were more rapidly methylated than cytosines that were Watson-Crick paired. Duplexes containing hairpins of CCG repeats in cruciform structures in which the enzyme recognition sequence was disrupted by a C.C mispair were also more rapidly methylated than control Wat-son-Crlck-paired duplexes. Since enzymes have higher affinities for their transition states than for their substrates, the results with extrahelical and mispaired cytosines suggest that these structures can be viewed as analogs of the transition state intermediates produced during catalysis by methyltransferases.


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