Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 24, Issue 11 1992-1998, Copyright © 1996 by Oxford University Press
J Petruska, N Arnheim and MF Goodman
Expansions of trinucleotide repeats in DNA, a novel source of mutations
associated with human disease, may arise by DNA replication slippage
initiated by hairpin folding of primer or template strands containing such
repeats. To evaluate the stability of single-strand folding by repeating
triplets of DNA bases, thermal melting profiles of (CAG)10, (CTG)10,
(GAC)10 and (GTC)10 strands are determined at low and physiological salt
concentrations, and measurements of melting temperature and enthalpy change
are made in each case. Comparisons are made to strands with three times as
many repeats, (CAG)30 and (CTG)30. Evidence is presented for stable
intrastrand folding by the CAG/CTG class of triplet repeats. Relative to
the GAC/GTC class not associated with disease, the order of folding
stability is found to be CTG > GAC approximately = CAG > GTC for 10
repeats. Surprisingly, the folds formed by 30 repeats of CTG or CAG have no
higher melting temperature and are only 40% more stable in free energy than
those formed by 10 repeats. This finding suggests that triplet expansions
with higher repeat number may result from the formation of more folded
structures with similar stability rather than fewer but longer folds of
greater stability.
ARTICLES
Stability of intrastrand hairpin structures formed by the CAG/CTG class of DNA triplet repeats associated with neurological diseases
Department of Biological Sciences, Hedco Molecular Biology Laboratories, Molecular Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1340, USA.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  E. Delagoutte, G. M. Goellner, J. Guo, G. Baldacci, and C. T. McMurray Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein in Vitro Eliminates the Orientation-dependent Impediment to Polymerase Passage on CAG/CTG Repeats J. Biol. Chem., May 9, 2008; 283(19): 13341 - 13356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Lin and J. H. Wilson Transcription-Induced CAG Repeat Contraction in Human Cells Is Mediated in Part by Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 2007; 27(17): 6209 - 6217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Grabczyk, M. Mancuso, and M. C. Sammarco A persistent RNA{middle dot}DNA hybrid formed by transcription of the Friedreich ataxia triplet repeat in live bacteria, and by T7 RNAP in vitro Nucleic Acids Res., August 13, 2007; 35(16): 5351 - 5359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Zahra, J. K. Blackwood, J. Sales, and D. R. F. Leach Proofreading and Secondary Structure Processing Determine the Orientation Dependence of CAG{middle dot}CTG Trinucleotide Repeat Instability in Escherichia coli Genetics, May 1, 2007; 176(1): 27 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. V. Mirkin and S. M. Mirkin Replication Fork Stalling at Natural Impediments Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2007; 71(1): 13 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Siwach, S. D. Pophaly, and S. Ganesh Genomic and Evolutionary Insights into Genes Encoding Proteins with Single Amino Acid Repeats Mol. Biol. Evol., July 1, 2006; 23(7): 1357 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Walter, G. Warnecke, R. Bowater, W. Deppert, and E. Kim Tumor Suppressor p53 Binds with High Affinity to CTG{middle dot}CAG Trinucleotide Repeats and Induces Topological Alterations in Mismatched Duplexes J. Biol. Chem., December 30, 2005; 280(52): 42497 - 42507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Amrane, B. Sacca, M. Mills, M. Chauhan, H. H. Klump, and J.-L. Mergny Length-dependent energetics of (CTG)n and (CAG)n trinucleotide repeats Nucleic Acids Res., July 21, 2005; 33(13): 4065 - 4077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Chi and S. L. Lam Structural roles of CTG repeats in slippage expansion during DNA replication Nucleic Acids Res., March 14, 2005; 33(5): 1604 - 1617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Mochmann and R. D. Wells Transcription influences the types of deletion and expansion products in an orientation-dependent manner from GAC*GTC repeats Nucleic Acids Res., August 18, 2004; 32(15): 4469 - 4479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Heidenfelder and M. D. Topal Effects of sequence on repeat expansion during DNA replication Nucleic Acids Res., December 15, 2003; 31(24): 7159 - 7164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-H. Hou, H. Robinson, Y.-G. Gao, and A. H.-J. Wang Crystal structure of actinomycin D bound to the CTG triplet repeat sequences linked to neurological diseases Nucleic Acids Res., November 15, 2002; 30(22): 4910 - 4917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Volker, N. Makube, G. E. Plum, H. H. Klump, and K. J. Breslauer Conformational energetics of stable and metastable states formed by DNA triplet repeat oligonucleotides: Implications for triplet expansion diseases PNAS, November 12, 2002; 99(23): 14700 - 14705. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Hartenstine, M. F. Goodman, and J. Petruska Weak Strand Displacement Activity Enables Human DNA Polymerase beta to Expand CAG/CTG Triplet Repeats at Strand Breaks J. Biol. Chem., October 25, 2002; 277(44): 41379 - 41389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Pearson, M. Tam, Y.-H. Wang, S. E. Montgomery, A. C. Dar, J. D. Cleary, and K. Nichol Slipped-strand DNAs formed by long (CAG){middle dot}(CTG) repeats: slipped-out repeats and slip-out junctions Nucleic Acids Res., October 15, 2002; 30(20): 4534 - 4547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Henricksen, J. Veeraraghavan, D. R. Chafin, and R. A. Bambara DNA Ligase I Competes with FEN1 to Expand Repetitive DNA Sequences in Vitro J. Biol. Chem., June 14, 2002; 277(25): 22361 - 22369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Raca, E. Yu. Siyanova, C. T. McMurray, and S. M. Mirkin Expansion of the (CTG)n repeat in the 5'-UTR of a reporter gene impedes translation Nucleic Acids Res., October 15, 2000; 28(20): 3943 - 3949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. N. Bull, C. R. Pabón-Peña, and N. B. Freimer Compound Microsatellite Repeats: Practical and Theoretical Features Genome Res., September 1, 1999; 9(9): 830 - 838. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Moore, P. W. Greenwell, C.-P. Liu, N. Arnheim, and T. D. Petes Triplet repeats form secondary structures that escape DNA repair in yeast PNAS, February 16, 1999; 96(4): 1504 - 1509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Iyer and R. D. Wells Expansion and Deletion of Triplet Repeat Sequences in Escherichia coli Occur on the Leading Strand of DNA Replication J. Biol. Chem., February 5, 1999; 274(6): 3865 - 3877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Petruska, M. J. Hartenstine, and M. F. Goodman Analysis of Strand Slippage in DNA Polymerase Expansions of CAG/CTG Triplet Repeats Associated with Neurodegenerative Disease J. Biol. Chem., February 27, 1998; 273(9): 5204 - 5210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Napierala and W. J. Krzyzosiak CUG Repeats Present in Myotonin Kinase RNA Form Metastable "Slippery" Hairpins J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 1997; 272(49): 31079 - 31085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Ohshima and R. D. Wells Hairpin Formation during DNA Synthesis Primer Realignment in Vitro in Triplet Repeat Sequences from Human Hereditary Disease Genes J. Biol. Chem., July 4, 1997; 272(27): 16798 - 16806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Cox and S. M. Mirkin Characteristic enrichment of DNA repeats in different genomes PNAS, May 13, 1997; 94(10): 5237 - 5242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Hartenstine, M. F. Goodman, and J. Petruska Base Stacking and Even/Odd Behavior of Hairpin Loops in DNA Triplet Repeat Slippage and Expansion with DNA Polymerase J. Biol. Chem., June 9, 2000; 275(24): 18382 - 18390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|