Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 24, Issue 13 2597-2605, Copyright © 1996 by Oxford University Press
PC Creaser, DA D'Argenio and T Williams
AP-2 is a developmentally-regulated transcription factor expressed in
ectodermal cell lineages. The AP-2 protein is essential for neural tube,
craniofacial and body wall morphogenesis and has been implicated in
oncogenesis. Here we report the isolation of the AP-2 promoter from human,
mouse and chicken. The initiation sites for the human gene have been mapped
in a variety of cell lines, including several derived from breast tumours.
Initiation occurs just upstream of an IR3-like repetitive element, present
in the human and mouse genes, but absent in chicken. The cis-acting
elements responsible for promoter activity in human HeLa cells have been
mapped both in vivo and in vitro. The proximal promoter contains binding
sites for transcription factors AP- 2, NF-1 and octamer proteins, but lacks
a TATA box motif. Functional analysis demonstrates that the octamer binding
site is the critical component of basal promoter activity. In addition, the
promoter relies on an initiator element for efficient start site
utilization. There is an excellent correlation between the requirement for
the initiator and octamer elements in transcription assays and the
conservation of these cis-acting sequences between chicken, mouse and
human.
ARTICLES
Comparative and functional analysis of the AP2 promoter indicates that conserved octamer and initiator elements are critical for activity
Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.
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