Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 24, Issue 23 4599-4607, Copyright © 1996 by Oxford University Press
P Schjerling and S Holmberg
The C6 zinc cluster family of fungal regulatory proteins shares as DNA-
binding motif the C6 zinc cluster, also known as the Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear
cluster. This family includes transcriptional activators like Gal4p, Leu3p,
Hap1p, Put3p and Cha4p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, qutA and amdR from
Aspergillus, nit4 from Neurospora and Ntf1 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Seventy-nine proteins were retrieved from databases by homology to the C6
zinc cluster. All were fungal and 56 were found in the entire genome
sequence of S.cerevisiae. Sequence analysis suggests that 60 of the 79
proteins possess one or more coiled- coil dimerization regions succeeding
the C6 zinc cluster. Previous comparisons of Gal4p and seven other C6 zinc
cluster proteins identified an additional region with weak homology. This
region, designated the middle homology region (MHR), was shown to be
present in 50 of the 79 proteins. Although reported mutation and deletion
analyses suggest a role of MHR in regulation of protein activity, no
function has yet been assigned specifically to this region. We find that
the family of MHR sequences is confined to C6 zinc cluster proteins and
hypothesize that one MHR function is to assist the C6 zinc cluster in DNA
target discrimination.
ARTICLES
Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of the C6 zinc cluster family of transcriptional regulators
Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Lin, H. Unden, N. Jacquier, R. Schneiter, U. Just, and T. Hofken The Cdc42 Effectors Ste20, Cla4, and Skm1 Down-Regulate the Expression of Genes Involved in Sterol Uptake by a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-independent Pathway Mol. Biol. Cell, November 15, 2009; 20(22): 4826 - 4837. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. H. Sellem, E. Bovier, S. Lorin, and A. Sainsard-Chanet Mutations in Two Zinc-Cluster Proteins Activate Alternative Respiratory and Gluconeogenic Pathways and Restore Senescence in Long-Lived Respiratory Mutants of Podospora anserina Genetics, May 1, 2009; 182(1): 69 - 78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Naar and J. K. Thakur Nuclear receptor-like transcription factors in fungi Genes & Dev., February 15, 2009; 23(4): 419 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Gregori, C. Schuller, I. E. Frohner, G. Ammerer, and K. Kuchler Weak Organic Acids Trigger Conformational Changes of the Yeast Transcription Factor War1 in Vivo to Elicit Stress Adaptation J. Biol. Chem., September 12, 2008; 283(37): 25752 - 25764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Sasano, H. Yurimoto, M. Yanaka, and Y. Sakai Trm1p, a Zn(II)2Cys6-Type Transcription Factor, Is a Master Regulator of Methanol-Specific Gene Activation in the Methylotrophic Yeast Candida boidinii Eukaryot. Cell, March 1, 2008; 7(3): 527 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Chae, C. E. Nargang, I. A. Cleary, C. C. Lin, A. T. Todd, and F. E. Nargang Two Zinc-Cluster Transcription Factors Control Induction of Alternative Oxidase in Neurospora crassa Genetics, December 1, 2007; 177(4): 1997 - 2006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Soontorngun, M. Larochelle, S. Drouin, F. Robert, and B. Turcotte Regulation of Gluconeogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Mediated by Activator and Repressor Functions of Rds2 Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2007; 27(22): 7895 - 7905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Wijaya, K. Rajaraman, S.-M. Yiu, and W.-K. Sung Detection of generic spaced motifs using submotif pattern mining Bioinformatics, June 15, 2007; 23(12): 1476 - 1485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Hynes, E. Szewczyk, S. L. Murray, Y. Suzuki, M. A. Davis, and H. M. Sealy-Lewis Transcriptional Control of Gluconeogenesis in Aspergillus nidulans Genetics, May 1, 2007; 176(1): 139 - 150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Chae, C. C. Lin, K. E. Kessler, C. E. Nargang, L. L. Tanton, L. B. Hahn, and F. E. Nargang Identification of an Alternative Oxidase Induction Motif in the Promoter Region of the aod-1 Gene in Neurospora crassa Genetics, April 1, 2007; 175(4): 1597 - 1606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. MacPherson, M. Larochelle, and B. Turcotte A Fungal Family of Transcriptional Regulators: the Zinc Cluster Proteins Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 2006; 70(3): 583 - 604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Larochelle, S. Drouin, F. Robert, and B. Turcotte Oxidative Stress-Activated Zinc Cluster Protein Stb5 Has Dual Activator/Repressor Functions Required for Pentose Phosphate Pathway Regulation and NADPH Production. Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 2006; 26(17): 6690 - 6701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Weider, A. Machnik, F. Klebl, and N. Sauer Vhr1p, a New Transcription Factor from Budding Yeast, Regulates Biotin-dependent Expression of VHT1 and BIO5 J. Biol. Chem., May 12, 2006; 281(19): 13513 - 13524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Hynes, S. L. Murray, A. Duncan, G. S. Khew, and M. A. Davis Regulatory Genes Controlling Fatty Acid Catabolism and Peroxisomal Functions in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans Eukaryot. Cell, May 1, 2006; 5(5): 794 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Balaji, M. M. Babu, L. M. Iyer, and L. Aravind Discovery of the principal specific transcription factors of Apicomplexa and their implication for the evolution of the AP2-integrase DNA binding domains Nucleic Acids Res., July 21, 2005; 33(13): 3994 - 4006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Vienken, M. Scherer, and R. Fischer The Zn(II)2Cys6 Putative Aspergillus nidulans Transcription Factor Repressor of Sexual Development Inhibits Sexual Development Under Low-Carbon Conditions and in Submersed Culture Genetics, February 1, 2005; 169(2): 619 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Coste, M. Karababa, F. Ischer, J. Bille, and D. Sanglard TAC1, Transcriptional Activator of CDR Genes, Is a New Transcription Factor Involved in the Regulation of Candida albicans ABC Transporters CDR1 and CDR2 Eukaryot. Cell, December 1, 2004; 3(6): 1639 - 1652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Akache, S. MacPherson, M.-A. Sylvain, and B. Turcotte Complex Interplay Among Regulators of Drug Resistance Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 2004; 279(27): 27855 - 27860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Charbon, K. D. Breunig, R. Wattiez, J. Vandenhaute, and I. Noel-Georis Key Role of Ser562/661 in Snf1-Dependent Regulation of Cat8p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2004; 24(10): 4083 - 4091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Borkovich, L. A. Alex, O. Yarden, M. Freitag, G. E. Turner, N. D. Read, S. Seiler, D. Bell-Pedersen, J. Paietta, N. Plesofsky, et al. Lessons from the Genome Sequence of Neurospora crassa: Tracing the Path from Genomic Blueprint to Multicellular Organism Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2004; 68(1): 1 - 108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lucau-Danila, T. Delaveau, G. Lelandais, F. Devaux, and C. Jacq Competitive Promoter Occupancy by Two Yeast Paralogous Transcription Factors Controlling the Multidrug Resistance Phenomenon J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 2003; 278(52): 52641 - 52650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Leao-Helder, A. M. Krikken, I. J. van der Klei, J. A. K. W. Kiel, and M. Veenhuis Transcriptional Down-regulation of Peroxisome Numbers Affects Selective Peroxisome Degradation in Hansenula polymorpha J. Biol. Chem., October 17, 2003; 278(42): 40749 - 40756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-H. Kim, J. Polish, and M. Johnston Specificity and Regulation of DNA Binding by the Yeast Glucose Transporter Gene Repressor Rgt1 Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2003; 23(15): 5208 - 5216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Nikolaev, M.-F. Cochet, and B. Felenbok Nuclear Import of Zinc Binuclear Cluster Proteins Proceeds through Multiple, Overlapping Transport Pathways Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2003; 2(2): 209 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. B. Kohlhaw Leucine Biosynthesis in Fungi: Entering Metabolism through the Back Door Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2003; 67(1): 1 - 15. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kren, Y. M. Mamnun, B. E. Bauer, C. Schuller, H. Wolfger, K. Hatzixanthis, M. Mollapour, C. Gregori, P. Piper, and K. Kuchler War1p, a Novel Transcription Factor Controlling Weak Acid Stress Response in Yeast Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 2003; 23(5): 1775 - 1785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Caldwell and R. L. Smith Membrane Topology of the ZntB Efflux System of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium J. Bacteriol., January 1, 2003; 185(1): 374 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Idicula, G. L. Blatch, T. G. Cooper, and R. A. Dorrington Binding and Activation by the Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. REDEFINING THE UASGABA AND ITS INTERACTION WITH Uga3p J. Biol. Chem., November 22, 2002; 277(48): 45977 - 45983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Worlock and R. L. Smith ZntB Is a Novel Zn2+ Transporter in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium J. Bacteriol., August 15, 2002; 184(16): 4369 - 4373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hellauer, B. Akache, S. MacPherson, E. Sirard, and B. Turcotte Zinc Cluster Protein Rdr1p Is a Transcriptional Repressor of the PDR5 Gene Encoding a Multidrug Transporter J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17671 - 17676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Le Crom, F. Devaux, P. Marc, X. Zhang, W. S. Moye-Rowley, and C. Jacq New Insights into the Pleiotropic Drug Resistance Network from Genome-Wide Characterization of the YRR1 Transcription Factor Regulation System Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2002; 22(8): 2642 - 2649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Akache, K. Wu, and B. Turcotte Phenotypic analysis of genes encoding yeast zinc cluster proteins Nucleic Acids Res., May 15, 2001; 29(10): 2181 - 2190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. V. Shianna, W. D. Dotson, S. Tove, and L. W. Parks Identification of a UPC2 Homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Its Involvement in Aerobic Sterol Uptake J. Bacteriol., February 1, 2001; 183(3): 830 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Lukens, D. A. King, and R. Marmorstein Structure of HAP1-PC7 bound to DNA: implications for DNA recognition and allosteric effects of DNA-binding on transcriptional activation Nucleic Acids Res., October 15, 2000; 28(20): 3853 - 3863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Dufresne, S. Perfect, A.-L. Pellier, J. A. Bailey, and T. Langin A GAL4-like Protein Is Involved in the Switch between Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Phases of the Infection Process of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum on Common Bean PLANT CELL, September 1, 2000; 12(9): 1579 - 1590. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Lyons, A. P. Gasch, L. A. Gaither, D. Botstein, P. O. Brown, and D. J. Eide Genome-wide characterization of the Zap1p zinc-responsive regulon in yeast PNAS, July 5, 2000; 97(14): 7957 - 7962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D'Alessio and M. C. Brandriss Cross-Pathway Regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Activation of the Proline Utilization Pathway by Gal4p In Vivo J. Bacteriol., July 1, 2000; 182(13): 3748 - 3753. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kanai, A. Hara, N. Kanayama, M. Ueda, and A. Tanaka An n-Alkane-Responsive Promoter Element Found in the Gene Encoding the Peroxisomal Protein of Candida tropicalis Does Not Contain a C6 Zinc Cluster DNA-Binding Motif J. Bacteriol., May 1, 2000; 182(9): 2492 - 2497. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. v. Helden, Alma. F. Rios, and J. Collado-Vides Discovering regulatory elements in non-coding sequences by analysis of spaced dyads Nucleic Acids Res., April 15, 2000; 28(8): 1808 - 1818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Huang and M. C. Brandriss The Regulator of the Yeast Proline Utilization Pathway Is Differentially Phosphorylated in Response to the Quality of the Nitrogen Source Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2000; 20(3): 892 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Soliveri, J. Gomez, W. R. Bishai, and K. F. Chater Multiple paralogous genes related to the Streptomyces coelicolor developmental regulatory gene whiB are present in Streptomyces and other actinomycetes Microbiology, February 1, 2000; 146(2): 333 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Baumgartner, B. Hamilton, M. Piskacek, H. Ruis, and H. Rottensteiner Functional Analysis of the Zn2Cys6 Transcription Factors Oaf1p and Pip2p. DIFFERENT ROLES IN FATTY ACID INDUCTION OF beta -OXIDATION IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE J. Biol. Chem., August 6, 1999; 274(32): 22208 - 22216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Wang, F. Zheng, S. Holmberg, and G. B. Kohlhaw Yeast Transcriptional Regulator Leu3p. SELF-MASKING, SPECIFICITY OF MASKING, AND EVIDENCE FOR REGULATION BY THE INTRACELLULAR LEVEL OF Leu3p J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 1999; 274(27): 19017 - 19024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. D. Russell, A. S. Grancell, and P. K. Sorger The Unstable F-box Protein p58-Ctf13 Forms the Structural Core of the CBF3 Kinetochore Complex J. Cell Biol., May 31, 1999; 145(5): 933 - 950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Iraqui, S. Vissers, B. Andre, and A. Urrestarazu Transcriptional Induction by Aromatic Amino Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 1999; 19(5): 3360 - 3371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Masloff, S. Pöggeler, and U. Kück The pro1+ Gene From Sordaria macrospora Encodes a C6 Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Required for Fruiting Body Development Genetics, May 1, 1999; 152(1): 191 - 199. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Nikolaev, F. Lenouvel, and B. Felenbok Unique DNA Binding Specificity of the Binuclear Zinc AlcR Activator of the Ethanol Utilization Pathway in Aspergillus nidulans J. Biol. Chem., April 2, 1999; 274(14): 9795 - 9802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Talibi and M. Raymond Isolation of a Putative Candida albicans Transcriptional Regulator Involved in Pleiotropic Drug Resistance by Functional Complementation of a pdr1 pdr3 Mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Bacteriol., January 1, 1999; 181(1): 231 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Flynn and R. J. Reece Activation of Transcription by Metabolic Intermediates of the Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Pathway Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 1999; 19(1): 882 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Gitan, H. Luo, J. Rodgers, M. Broderius, and D. Eide Zinc-induced Inactivation of the Yeast ZRT1 Zinc Transporter Occurs through Endocytosis and Vacuolar Degradation J. Biol. Chem., October 30, 1998; 273(44): 28617 - 28624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Zhao, E. Butler, J. Rodgers, T. Spizzo, S. Duesterhoeft, and D. Eide Regulation of Zinc Homeostasis in Yeast by Binding of the ZAP1 Transcriptional Activator to Zinc-responsive Promoter Elements J. Biol. Chem., October 30, 1998; 273(44): 28713 - 28720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Mamane, K. Hellauer, M.-H. Rochon, and B. Turcotte A Linker Region of the Yeast Zinc Cluster Protein Leu3p Specifies Binding to Everted Repeat DNA J. Biol. Chem., July 17, 1998; 273(29): 18556 - 18561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Valenzuela, P. Ballario, C. Aranda, P. Filetici, and A. González Regulation of Expression of GLT1, the Gene Encoding Glutamate Synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Bacteriol., July 15, 1998; 180(14): 3533 - 3540. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Noel and B. Turcotte Zinc Cluster Proteins Leu3p and Uga3p Recognize Highly Related but Distinct DNA Targets J. Biol. Chem., July 10, 1998; 273(28): 17463 - 17468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Grotz, T. Fox, E. Connolly, W. Park, M. L. Guerinot, and D. Eide Identification of a family of zinc transporter genes from Arabidopsis that respond to zinc deficiency PNAS, June 9, 1998; 95(12): 7220 - 7224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Corton, E. Moreno, and S. A. Johnston Alterations in the GAL4 DNA-binding Domain Can Affect Transcriptional Activation Independent of DNA Binding J. Biol. Chem., May 29, 1998; 273(22): 13776 - 13780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Bailey and D. J. Ebbole The fluffy Gene of Neurospora crassa Encodes a Gal4p-Type C6 Zinc Cluster Protein Required for Conidial Development Genetics, April 1, 1998; 148(4): 1813 - 1820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Strauss, M. I. Muro-Pastor, and C. Scazzocchio The Regulator of Nitrate Assimilation in Ascomycetes Is a Dimer Which Binds a Nonrepeated, Asymmetrical Sequence Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 1998; 18(3): 1339 - 1348. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Panozzo, V. Capuano, S. Fillinger, and B. Felenbok The Zinc Binuclear Cluster Activator AlcR Is Able to Bind to Single Sites but Requires Multiple Repeated Sites for Synergistic Activation of the alcA Gene in Aspergillus nidulans J. Biol. Chem., September 5, 1997; 272(36): 22859 - 22865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Maret, K. S. Larsen, and B. L. Vallee Coordination dynamics of biological zinc "clusters" in metallothioneins and in the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor Gal4 PNAS, March 18, 1997; 94(6): 2233 - 2237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|