Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 25, Issue 14 2683-2689, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
RH Symons
The rolling circle replication of small circular plant pathogenic RNAs
requires a processing step to convert multimeric intermediates to monomers
which are then circularized. Eleven such RNAs are known so far, two are
viroids, one is viroid-like and the remainder are satellite RNAs dependent
on a helper virus for replication. The processing step is RNA-catalysed in
all cases, at least in vitro. All plus forms of these RNAs self-cleave via
the hammerhead structure whereas only eight of the minus RNAs self-cleave,
five via the hammerhead structure and three via the hairpin structure.
There are about 20 other viroids where the processing mechanism has yet to
be determined but they are likely candidates for a new type of self-
cleavage reaction which is predicted to be conserved in all these viroids.
Hepatitis delta RNA is the only circular pathogenic RNA known to
self-cleave in the animal kingdom. It is feasible that more single-
stranded circular pathogenic RNAs are waiting to be discovered and these
could be prospective for new types of self-cleavage reactions.
REVIEWS
Plant pathogenic RNAs and RNA catalysis
Department of Plant Science, Waite Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. bsymons@waite.adelaide.edu.au
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