Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 25, Issue 18 3705-3711, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
EG Cole and K Gaston
The human Surf-1 and Surf-2 housekeeping genes are divergently transcribed
and share a bi-directional, TATA-less promoter. Housekeeping promoters
typically contain complex arrays of transcription factor binding sites and
several studies have suggested that many of these sites might be
functionally redundant. The Surf- 1/Surf-2 promoter region contains four
factor binding sites; members of the ETS family of transcription factors
bind to two of these sites whilst YY1 binds to a third site immediately
downstream of the major Surf-1 transcription start point. Here we show that
Sp1 binds to the fourth transcription factor binding site. Although YY1 and
Sp1 have previously been shown to interact both in vitro and in vivo, these
proteins function independently at the Surf-1/Surf-2 promoter. The binding
of Sp1 alone is sufficient to bring about full promoter activity in the
Surf-2 direction. In contrast, both Sp1 and ETS proteins are required to
bring about full promoter activity in the Surf- 1 direction. The YY1
binding site is not required for basal transcription in either direction.
The YY1 binding site is, however, both necessary and sufficient to confer
growth factor inducibility on transcription in the Surf-1 direction. Our
data suggest that functionally redundant transcription factor binding sites
might not be a general feature of housekeeping promoters.
ARTICLES
A functional YY1 binding site is necessary and sufficient to activate Surf-1 promoter activity in response to serum growth factors
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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