Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 25, Issue 24 4861-4865, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
M Chang and JA Jaehning
The already complex process of transcription by RNA polymerase II has
become even more complicated in the last few years with the identification
of auxiliary factors in addition to the essential general initiation
factors. In many cases these factors, which have been termed mediators or
co-activators, are only required for activated or repressed transcription.
In some cases the effects are specific for certain activators and
repressors. Recently some of these auxiliary factors have been found in
large complexes with either TBP, as TBP- associated factors (TAFs) in the
general factor TFIID, or with pol II and a subset of the general factors,
referred to as the 'holoenzyme'. Although the exact composition of these
huge assemblies is still a matter of some debate, it is becoming clear that
the complexes themselves come in more than one form. In particular, at
least four forms of TFIID have been described, including one that contains
a tissue-specific TAF and another with a cell type-specific form of TBP. In
addition, in yeast there are at least two forms of the 'holoenzyme'
distinguished by their mediator composition and by the spectrum of
transcripts whose expression they affect. Genetic and biochemical analyses
have begun to identify the interactions between the components of these
complexes and the ever increasing family of DNA binding regulatory factors.
These studies are complicated by the fact that individual regulatory
factors often appear to have redundant interactions with multiple
mediators. The existence of these different forms of transcription
complexes defines a new target for regulation of subsets of eukaryotic
genes.
REVIEWS
A multiplicity of mediators: alternative forms of transcription complexes communicate with transcriptional regulators
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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