Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 26, Issue 16 3651-3656, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
M Hultdin, E Gronlund, K Norrback, E Eriksson-Lindstrom, T Just and G Roos
Determination of telomere length is traditionally performed by Southern
blotting and densitometry, giving a mean telomere restriction fragment
(TRF) value for the total cell population studied. Fluorescence in situ
hybridization (FISH) of telomere repeats has been used to calculate
telomere length, a method called quantitative (Q)-FISH. We here present a
quantitative flow cytometric approach, Q-FISHFCM, for evaluation of
telomere length distribution in individual cells based on in situ
hybridization using a fluorescein-labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA)
(CCCTAA)3probe and DNA staining with propidium iodide. A simple and rapid
protocol with results within 30 h was developed giving high
reproducibility. One important feature of the protocol was the use of an
internal cell line control, giving an automatic compensation for potential
differences in the hybridization steps. This protocol was tested
successfully on cell lines and clinical samples from bone marrow, blood,
lymph nodes and tonsils. A significant correlation was found between
Southern blotting and Q-FISHFCMtelomere length values ( P = 0.002). The
mean sub-telomeric DNA length of the tested cell lines and clinical samples
was estimated to be 3.2 kbp. With the Q- FISHFCMmethod the fluorescence
signal could be determined in different cell cycle phases, indicating that
in human cells the vast majority of telomeric DNA is replicated early in S
phase.
ARTICLES
Telomere analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry
Department of Pathology, Umea University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden and Department of Immunocytochemistry, DAKO A/S, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
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