Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 26, Issue 17 3871-3876, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
T Pederson
The nucleolus of eukaryotic cells was first described in the early 19th
century and was discovered in the 1960s to be the seat of ribosome
synthesis. Although rRNA transcription, rRNA processing and ribosome
assembly have been clearly established as major functions of the nucleolus,
recent studies suggest that the nucleolus participates in many other
aspects of gene expression as well. Thus, the nucleolus has been implicated
in the processing or nuclear export of certain mRNAs. In addition, new
results indicate that biosyntheses of signal recognition particle RNA and
telomerase RNA involve a nucleolar stage and that the nucleolus is also
involved in processing of U6 RNA, one of the spliceosomal small nuclear
RNAs. Interestingly, these three nucleolus-associated small nuclear RNAs
(signal recognition particle RNA, telomerase RNA and U6 RNA) are components
of catalytic ribonucleoprotein machines. Finally, recent work has also
suggested that some transfer RNA precursors are processed in the nucleolus.
The nucleolus may have evolutionarily descended from a proto-eukaryotic
minimal genome that was spatially linked to vicinal RNA processing and
ribonucleoprotein assembly events involved in gene read-out. The nucleolus
of today's eukaryotes, now surrounded by the chromatin of over 2 billion
years of genome expansion, may still perform these ancient functions, in
addition to ribosome biosynthesis. The plurifunctional nucleolus concept
has a strong footing in contemporary data and adds a new perspective to our
current picture of the spatial- functional design of the cell nucleus.
REVIEWS
The plurifunctional nucleolus
Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Foundation Campus, 222 Maple Avenue, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA. thoru@sci.wfbr.edu
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S.-J. JEONG, H.-S. KIM, K.-A CHANG, D.-H. GEUM, C. H. PARK, J.-H. SEO, J.-C. RAH, J. H. LEE, S. H. CHOI, S. G. LEE, et al. Subcellular localization of presenilins during mouse preimplantation development FASEB J, November 1, 2000; 14(14): 2171 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Snaar, K. Wiesmeijer, A. G. Jochemsen, H. J. Tanke, and R. W. Dirks Mutational Analysis of Fibrillarin and Its Mobility in Living Human Cells J. Cell Biol., October 30, 2000; 151(3): 653 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Strezoska, D. G. Pestov, and L. F. Lau Bop1 Is a Mouse WD40 Repeat Nucleolar Protein Involved in 28S and 5.8S rRNA Processing and 60S Ribosome Biogenesis Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2000; 20(15): 5516 - 5528. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Michienzi, L. Cagnon, I. Bahner, and J. J. Rossi Ribozyme-mediated inhibition of HIV 1 suggests nucleolar trafficking of HIV-1 RNA PNAS, August 1, 2000; 97(16): 8955 - 8960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Dousset, C. Wang, C. Verheggen, D. Chen, D. Hernandez-Verdun, and S. Huang Initiation of Nucleolar Assembly Is Independent of RNA Polymerase I Transcription Mol. Biol. Cell, August 1, 2000; 11(8): 2705 - 2717. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. S. Lange and S. A. Gerbi Transient Nucleolar Localization Of U6 Small Nuclear RNA In Xenopus Laevis Oocytes Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2000; 11(7): 2419 - 2428. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. N. Szentirmay and M. Sawadogo SURVEY AND SUMMARY: Spatial organization of RNA polymerase II transcription in the nucleus Nucleic Acids Res., May 15, 2000; 28(10): 2019 - 2025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. L. J. Lafontaine and D. Tollervey Synthesis and Assembly of the Box C+D Small Nucleolar RNPs Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2000; 20(8): 2650 - 2659. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. F. Zirwes, J. Eilbracht, S. Kneissel, and M. S. Schmidt-Zachmann A Novel Helicase-Type Protein in the Nucleolus: Protein NOH61 Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2000; 11(4): 1153 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Pederson and J. C. Politz The Nucleolus and the Four Ribonucleoproteins of Translation J. Cell Biol., March 20, 2000; 148(6): 1091 - 1096. [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. E. Jady and T. Kiss Characterisation of the U83 and U84 small nucleolar RNAs: two novel 2'-O-ribose methylation guide RNAs that lack complementarities to ribosomal RNAs Nucleic Acids Res., March 15, 2000; 28(6): 1348 - 1354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Le, R. Sternglanz, and C. W. Greider Identification of Two RNA-binding Proteins Associated with Human Telomerase RNA Mol. Biol. Cell, March 1, 2000; 11(3): 999 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. van Hoof, P. Lennertz, and R. Parker Yeast Exosome Mutants Accumulate 3'-Extended Polyadenylated Forms of U4 Small Nuclear RNA and Small Nucleolar RNAs Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2000; 20(2): 441 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M Hoek, M Engstler, and G. Cross Expression-site-associated gene 8 (ESAG8) of Trypanosoma brucei is apparently essential and accumulates in the nucleolus J. Cell Sci., January 11, 2000; 113(22): 3959 - 3968. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. C. Politz, S. Yarovoi, S. M. Kilroy, K. Gowda, C. Zwieb, and T. Pederson Signal recognition particle components in the nucleolus PNAS, January 4, 2000; 97(1): 55 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Weipoltshammer, C. Schofer, M. Almeder, V. V. Philimonenko, K. Frei, F. Wachtler, and P. Hozak Intranuclear Anchoring of Repetitive DNA Sequences: Centromeres, Telomeres, and Ribosomal DNA J. Cell Biol., December 27, 1999; 147(7): 1409 - 1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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