Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 26, Issue 19 4413-4421, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
L Aravind and D Landsman
The AT-hook is a small DNA-binding protein motif which was first described
in the high mobility group non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-I(Y). Since
its discovery, this motif has been observed in other DNA-binding proteins
from a wide range of organisms. Using pattern searches and
position-dependent matrices, we have extracted the AT-hook motifs present
in a non-redundant protein sequence database. We have classified these
motifs into three types according to their sequence similarity and have
found that they are prevalent in many eukaryotic nuclear proteins in single
or multiple copies. Furthermore, AT-hook motifs are frequently associated
with known functional domains seen in chromatin proteins and in DNA-binding
proteins (e.g. histone folds, homeodomains and zinc fingers). In general,
it appears that the AT-hook motif is an auxiliary protein motif cooperating
with other DNA-binding activities and facilitating changes in the structure
of the DNA either as a polypeptide on its own [e.g. HMG-I(Y)] or as part of
a multidomain protein [e.g. Swi2p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae or HRX
(ALL-1) in Homo sapiens]. It is most interesting that this motif seems to
be quite specific to known or predicted chromosomal/DNA-binding proteins,
suggesting that it may act as a versatile minor groove tether.
ARTICLES
AT-hook motifs identified in a wide variety of DNA-binding proteins
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