Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 26, Issue 22 5017-5035, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
R Giege, M Sissler and C Florentz
Correct expression of the genetic code at translation is directly
correlated with tRNA identity. This survey describes the molecular signals
in tRNAs that trigger specific aminoacylations. For most tRNAs,
determinants are located at the two distal extremities: the anticodon loop
and the amino acid accepting stem. In a few tRNAs, however, major identity
signals are found in the core of the molecule. Identity elements have
different strengths, often depend more on k cat effects than on K m effects
and exhibit additive, cooperative or anti- cooperative interplay. Most
determinants are in direct contact with cognate synthetases, and chemical
groups on bases or ribose moieties that make functional interactions have
been identified in several systems. Major determinants are conserved in
evolution; however, the mechanisms by which they are expressed are species
dependent. Recent studies show that alternate identity sets can be
recognized by a single synthetase, and emphasize the importance of tRNA
architecture and anti- determinants preventing false recognition. Identity
rules apply to tRNA- like molecules and to minimalist tRNAs. Knowledge of
these rules allows the manipulation of identity elements and engineering of
tRNAs with switched, altered or multiple specificities.
REVIEWS
Universal rules and idiosyncratic features in tRNA identity
Unite Propre de Recherche 9002, 'Structure des Macromolecules Biologiques et Mecanismes de Reconnaissance', Scientifique, 15 rue Rene Descartes, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France. giege@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr
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D. C. Larkin, A. M. Williams, S. A. Martinis, and G. E. Fox Identification of essential domains for Escherichia coli tRNAleu aminoacylation and amino acid editing using minimalist RNA molecules Nucleic Acids Res., May 15, 2002; 30(10): 2103 - 2113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Javanbakht, S. Cen, K. Musier-Forsyth, and L. Kleiman Correlation Between tRNALys3 Aminoacylation and Its Incorporation into HIV-1 J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17389 - 17396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. D. Wolfson and O. C. Uhlenbeck Modulation of tRNAAla identity by inorganic pyrophosphatase PNAS, April 30, 2002; 99(9): 5965 - 5970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. L. Hendrickson Recognizing the D-loop of transfer RNAs PNAS, November 20, 2001; 98(24): 13473 - 13475. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. McCloskey, D. E. Graham, S. Zhou, P. F. Crain, M. Ibba, J. Konisky, D. Soll, and G. J. Olsen Post-transcriptional modification in archaeal tRNAs: identities and phylogenetic relations of nucleotides from mesophilic and hyperthermophilic Methanococcales Nucleic Acids Res., November 15, 2001; 29(22): 4699 - 4706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Shimada, O. Nureki, M. Goto, S. Takahashi, and S. Yokoyama Structural and mutational studies of the recognition of the arginine tRNA-specific major identity element, A20, by arginyl-tRNA synthetase PNAS, October 31, 2001; (2001) 231267998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. van de Guchte, S. D. Ehrlich, and A. Chopin Identity elements in tRNA-mediated transcription antitermination: implication of tRNA D- and T-arms in mRNA recognition Microbiology, May 1, 2001; 147(5): 1223 - 1233. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. E. Saks Making sense out of nonsense PNAS, February 27, 2001; 98(5): 2125 - 2127. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 O. NUREKI, S. FUKAI, S. SEKINE, A. SHIMADA, T. TERADA, T. NAKAMA, M. SHIROUZU, D.G. VASSYLYEV, and S. YOKOYAMA Structural Basis for Amino Acid and tRNA Recognition by Class I Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 2001; 66(0): 167 - 174. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A.D. WOLFSON, F.J. LARIVIERE, J.A. PLEISS, T. DALE, H. ASAHARA, and O.C. UHLENBECK tRNA Conformity Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 2001; 66(0): 185 - 194. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. J. Beuning and K. Musier-Forsyth Hydrolytic editing by a class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase PNAS, August 1, 2000; 97(16): 8916 - 8920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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