Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 26, Issue 4 865-878, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
MW Gray, BF Lang, R Cedergren, GB Golding, C Lemieux, D Sankoff, M Turmel, N Brossard, E Delage, TG Littlejohn, I Plante, P Rioux, D Saint-Louis, Y Zhu and G Burger
Although the collection of completely sequenced mitochondrial genomes is
expanding rapidly, only recently has a phylogenetically broad
representation of mtDNA sequences from protists (mostly unicellular
eukaryotes) become available. This review surveys the 23 complete protist
mtDNA sequences that have been determined to date, commenting on such
aspects as mitochondrial genome structure, gene content, ribosomal RNA,
introns, transfer RNAs and the genetic code and phylogenetic implications.
We also illustrate the utility of a comparative genomics approach to gene
identification by providing evidence that orfB in plant and protist mtDNAs
is the homolog of atp8 , the gene in animal and fungal mtDNA that encodes
subunit 8 of the F0portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Although several
protist mtDNAs, like those of animals and most fungi, are seen to be highly
derived, others appear to be have retained a number of features of the
ancestral, proto-mitochondrial genome. Some of these ancestral features are
also shared with plant mtDNA, although the latter have evidently expanded
considerably in size, if not in gene content, in the course of evolution.
Comparative analysis of protist mtDNAs is providing a new perspective on
mtDNA evolution: how the original mitochondrial genome was organized, what
genes it contained, and in what ways it must have changed in different
eukaryotic phyla.
REVIEWS
Genome structure and gene content in protist mitochondrial DNAs
Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada. m.w.gray@dal.ca
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