Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 26, Issue 5 1135-1143, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
R Mantovani
The CCAAT box is one of the most common elements in eukaryotic promoters,
found in the forward or reverse orientation. Among the various DNA binding
proteins that interact with this sequence, only NF- Y (CBF, HAP2/3/4/5) has
been shown to absolutely require all 5 nt. Analysis of a database with 178
bona fide NF-Y binding sites in 96 unrelated promoters confirms this need
and points to specific additional flanking nucleotides (C, Pu, Pu on the
5'-side and C/G, A/G, G,A/C, G on the 3'-side) required for efficient
binding. The frequency of CCAAT boxes appears to be relatively higher in
TATA-less promoters, particularly in the reverse ATTGG orientation. In
TATA-containing promoters the CCAAT box is preferentially located in the
-80/-100 region (mean position -89) and is not found nearer to the Start
site than -50. In TATA-less promoters it is usually closer to the +1 signal
(at -66 on average) and is sometimes present in proximity to the Cap site.
The consensus and location of NF-Y binding sites parallel almost perfectly
a previous general statistical study on CCAAT boxes in 502 unrelated
promoters. This is an indication that NF-Y is the major, if not the sole,
CCAAT box recognizing protein and that it might serve different roles in
TATA-containing and TATA-less promoters.
REVIEWS
A survey of 178 NF-Y binding CCAAT boxes
Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia dei Microrganismi, Universita di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy. mantor@imiucca.csi.unimi.it
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C. Liberati, M. R. Cera, P. Secco, C. Santoro, R. Mantovani, S. Ottolenghi, and A. Ronchi Cooperation and Competition between the Binding of COUP-TFII and NF-Y on Human epsilon - and gamma -Globin Gene Promoters J. Biol. Chem., November 2, 2001; 276(45): 41700 - 41709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Liu, R. Guo, and L. D. Quarles Cloning and Characterization of the Proximal Murine Phex Promoter Endocrinology, September 1, 2001; 142(9): 3987 - 3995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Q. Shi, K. W. Gross, and C. D. Sigmund NF-Y Antagonizes Renin Enhancer Function by Blocking Stimulatory Transcription Factors Hypertension, September 1, 2001; 38(3): 332 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Farsetti, M. Narducci, F. Moretti, S. Nanni, R. Mantovani, A. Sacchi, and A. Pontecorvi Inhibition of ER{alpha}-Mediated Trans-Activation of Human Coagulation Factor XII Gene by Heteromeric Transcription Factor NF-Y Endocrinology, August 1, 2001; 142(8): 3380 - 3388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. W. Linhoff, J. A. Harton, D. E. Cressman, B. K. Martin, and J. P.-Y. Ting Two Distinct Domains within CIITA Mediate Self-Association: Involvement of the GTP-Binding and Leucine-Rich Repeat Domains Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2001; 21(9): 3001 - 3011. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 H Izumi, C Molander, L. Penn, A Ishisaki, K Kohno, and K Funa Mechanism for the transcriptional repression by c-Myc on PDGF (&bgr;)-receptor J. Cell Sci., January 4, 2001; 114(8): 1533 - 1544. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. Krause, M. Wasner, W. Reinhard, U. Haugwitz, C. Lange-zu Dohna, J. Mossner, and K. Engeland The tumour suppressor protein p53 can repress transcription of cyclin B Nucleic Acids Res., November 15, 2000; 28(22): 4410 - 4418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Yu, S.-G. Ren, G. A. Horwitz, Z. Wang, and S. Melmed Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene (PTTG) Regulates Placental JEG-3 Cell Division and Survival: Evidence from Live Cell Imaging Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2000; 14(8): 1137 - 1146. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. A. Keri, D. J. Bachmann, A. Behrooz, B. D. Herr, R. K. Ameduri, C. C. Quirk, and J. H. Nilson An NF-Y Binding Site Is Important for Basal, but Not Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone-stimulated, Expression of the Luteinizing Hormone beta Subunit Gene J. Biol. Chem., April 21, 2000; 275(17): 13082 - 13088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. L. Zhou and M. L. Snead Identification of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein alpha as a Transactivator of the Mouse Amelogenin Gene J. Biol. Chem., April 14, 2000; 275(16): 12273 - 12280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A.F. Daggett, D. A. Rice, and L. L. Heckert Expression of Steroidogenic Factor 1 in the Testis Requires an E Box and CCAAT Box in its Promoter Proximal Region Biol Reprod, March 1, 2000; 62(3): 670 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. M. Magana, S.-H. Koo, H. C. Towle, and T. F. Osborne Different Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1 Isoforms Utilize Distinct Co-regulatory Factors to Activate the Promoter for Fatty Acid Synthase J. Biol. Chem., February 18, 2000; 275(7): 4726 - 4733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. I. Aizencang, D. F. Bishop, D. Forrest, K. H. Astrin, and R. J. Desnick Uroporphyrinogen III Synthase. AN ALTERNATIVE PROMOTER CONTROLS ERYTHROID-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION IN THE MURINE GENE J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2295 - 2304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Hu, S. Jin, and K. W. Scotto Transcriptional Activation of the MDR1 Gene by UV Irradiation. ROLE OF NF-Y AND Sp1 J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2979 - 2985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Caretti, M. C. Motta, and R. Mantovani NF-Y Associates with H3-H4 Tetramers and Octamers by Multiple Mechanisms Mol. Cell. Biol., December 1, 1999; 19(12): 8591 - 8603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. S. Radomska, A. B. Satterthwaite, N. Taranenko, S. Narravula, D. S. Krause, and D. G. Tenen A Nuclear Factor Y (NFY) Site Positively Regulates the Human CD34 Stem Cell Gene Blood, December 1, 1999; 94(11): 3772 - 3780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. N. Khodarev, S. J. Advani, N. Gupta, B. Roizman, and R. R. Weichselbaum Accumulation of specific RNAs encoding transcriptional factors and stress response proteins against a background of severe depletion of cellular RNAs in cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 PNAS, October 12, 1999; 96(21): 12062 - 12067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. M. Narendja, M. A. Davis, and M. J. Hynes AnCF, the CCAAT Binding Complex of Aspergillus nidulans, Is Essential for the Formation of a DNase I-Hypersensitive Site in the 5' Region of the amdS Gene Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 1999; 19(10): 6523 - 6531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Taira, M. Sawai, M. Ikeda, K. Tamai, S. M. M. Iguchi-Ariga, and H. Ariga Cell Cycle-dependent Switch of Up- and Down-regulation of Human hsp70 Gene Expression by Interaction between c-Myc and CBF/NF-Y J. Biol. Chem., August 20, 1999; 274(34): 24270 - 24279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C.-Y. Kao, A. Tanimoto, N. Arima, Y. Sasaguri, and R. Padmanabhan Transactivation of the Human cdc2 Promoter by Adenovirus E1A. E1A INDUCES THE EXPRESSION AND ASSEMBLY OF A HETEROMERIC COMPLEX CONSISTING OF THE CCAAT BOX BINDING FACTOR, CBF/NF-Y, AND A 110-kDa DNA-BINDING PROTEIN J. Biol. Chem., August 13, 1999; 274(33): 23043 - 23051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Wang, L. Dong, B. Saville, and S. Safe Transcriptional Activation of E2F1 Gene Expression by 17{beta}-Estradiol in MCF-7 Cells Is Regulated by NF-Y-Sp1/Estrogen Receptor Interactions Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 1999; 13(8): 1373 - 1387. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Falck, P. B. Jensen, and M. Sehested Evidence for Repressional Role of an Inverted CCAAT Box in Cell Cycle-dependent Transcription of the Human DNA Topoisomerase IIalpha Gene J. Biol. Chem., June 25, 1999; 274(26): 18753 - 18758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. C. Faniello, M. A. Bevilacqua, G. Condorelli, B. de Crombrugghe, S. N. Maity, V. E. Avvedimento, F. Cimino, and F. Costanzo The B Subunit of the CAAT-binding Factor NFY Binds the Central Segment of the Co-activator p300 J. Biol. Chem., March 19, 1999; 274(12): 7623 - 7626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Li, L. Moy, N. Pittman, G. Shue, B. Aufiero, E. J. Neufeld, N. S. LeLeiko, and M. J. Walsh Transcriptional Repression of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene, Mediated by CCAAT Displacement Protein/cut Homolog, Is Associated with Histone Deacetylation J. Biol. Chem., March 19, 1999; 274(12): 7803 - 7815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. C. Motta, G. Caretti, G. F. Badaracco, and R. Mantovani Interactions of the CCAAT-binding Trimer NF-Y with Nucleosomes J. Biol. Chem., January 15, 1999; 274(3): 1326 - 1333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Marziali, E. Perrotti, R. Ilari, E. M. Coccia, R. Mantovani, U. Testa, and A. Battistini The Activity of the CCAAT-box Binding Factor NF-Y Is Modulated Through the Regulated Expression of Its A Subunit During Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation: Regulation of Tissue-Specific Genes Through a Ubiquitous Transcription Factor Blood, January 15, 1999; 93(2): 519 - 526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Steidl, P. Papagiannopoulos, O. Litzka, A. Andrianopoulos, M. A. Davis, A. A. Brakhage, and M. J. Hynes AnCF, the CCAAT Binding Complex of Aspergillus nidulans, Contains Products of the hapB, hapC, and hapE Genes and Is Required for Activation by the Pathway-Specific Regulatory Gene amdR Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 1999; 19(1): 99 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Ise, G. Nagatani, T. Imamura, K. Kato, H. Takano, M. Nomoto, H. Izumi, H. Ohmori, T. Okamoto, T. Ohga, et al. Transcription Factor Y-Box Binding Protein 1 Binds Preferentially to Cisplatin-modified DNA and Interacts with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Cancer Res., January 1, 1999; 59(2): 342 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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