Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 26, Issue 7 1628-1635, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
TM Rose, ER Schultz, JG Henikoff, S Pietrokovski, CM McCallum and S Henikoff
We describe a new primer design strategy for PCR amplification of unknown
targets that are related to multiply-aligned protein sequences. Each primer
consists of a short 3' degenerate core region and a longer 5' consensus
clamp region. Only 3-4 highly conserved amino acid residues are necessary
for design of the core, which is stabilized by the clamp during annealing
to template molecules. During later rounds of amplification, the
non-degenerate clamp permits stable annealing to product molecules. We
demonstrate the practical utility of this hybrid primer method by detection
of diverse reverse transcriptase-like genes in a human genome, and by
detection of C5DNA methyltransferase homologs in various plant DNAs. In
each case, amplified products were sufficiently pure to be cloned without
gel fractionation. This COnsensus-DEgenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primer
(CODEHOP) strategy has been implemented as a computer program that is
accessible over the World Wide Web (http://blocks.fhcrc.org/codehop.html)
and is directly linked from the BlockMaker multiple sequence alignment site
for hybrid primer prediction beginning with a set of related protein
sequences.
ARTICLES
Consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers for amplification of distantly related sequences
Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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P.-J. Chen, S. Cho, S.-W. Jin, and R. E. Ellis Specification of Germ Cell Fates by FOG-3 Has Been Conserved During Nematode Evolution Genetics, August 1, 2001; 158(4): 1513 - 1525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. Papa, N. M. Springer, M. G. Muszynski, R. Meeley, and S. M. Kaeppler Maize Chromomethylase Zea methyltransferase2 Is Required for CpNpG Methylation PLANT CELL, August 1, 2001; 13(8): 1919 - 1928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Bartee, F. Malagnac, and J. Bender Arabidopsis cmt3 chromomethylase mutations block non-CG methylation and silencing of an endogenous gene Genes & Dev., July 15, 2001; 15(14): 1753 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ehrenshaft and M. E. Daub Isolation of PDX2, a Second Novel Gene in the Pyridoxine Biosynthesis Pathway of Eukaryotes, Archaebacteria, and a Subset of Eubacteria J. Bacteriol., June 1, 2001; 183(11): 3383 - 3390. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Y. Kubo, S. Okazaki, T. Anzai, and H. Fujiwara Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of TRAS, Telomeric Repeat-Specific Non-LTR Retrotransposon Families in Lepidopteran Insects Mol. Biol. Evol., May 1, 2001; 18(5): 848 - 857. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 S. Miyazawa, K. Azumi, and M. Nonaka Cloning and Characterization of Integrin {{alpha}} Subunits from the Solitary Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi J. Immunol., February 1, 2001; 166(3): 1710 - 1715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. A. Serikawa, D. M. Porterfield, and D. F. Mandoli Asymmetric Subcellular mRNA Distribution Correlates with Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Acetabularia acetabulum Plant Physiology, February 1, 2001; 125(2): 900 - 911. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. McAnulla, C. A. Woodall, I. R. McDonald, A. Studer, S. Vuilleumier, T. Leisinger, and J. C. Murrell Chloromethane Utilization Gene Cluster from Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum Strain CM2T and Development of Functional Gene Probes To Detect Halomethane-Degrading Bacteria Appl. Envir. Microbiol., January 1, 2001; 67(1): 307 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. van Beek and F. G. Priest Decarboxylation of Substituted Cinnamic Acids by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated during Malt Whisky Fermentation Appl. Envir. Microbiol., December 1, 2000; 66(12): 5322 - 5328. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Handschin, M. Podvinec, and U. A. Meyer CXR, a chicken xenobiotic-sensing orphan nuclear receptor, is related to both mammalian pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) PNAS, September 26, 2000; 97(20): 10769 - 10774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. R. Schultz, G. W. Rankin Jr., M.-P. Blanc, B. W. Raden, C.-C. Tsai, and T. M. Rose Characterization of Two Divergent Lineages of Macaque Rhadinoviruses Related to Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus J. Virol., May 15, 2000; 74(10): 4919 - 4928. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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X. Cao, N. M. Springer, M. G. Muszynski, R. L. Phillips, S. Kaeppler, and S. E. Jacobsen Conserved plant genes with similarity to mammalian de novo DNA methyltransferases PNAS, April 25, 2000; 97(9): 4979 - 4984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Xiong, V. K. Singh, G. Cabrera, and R. K. Jayaswal Molecular characterization of the ferric-uptake regulator, Fur, from Staphylococcus aureus Microbiology, March 1, 2000; 146(3): 659 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Essner, W. Branford, J Zhang, and H. Yost Mesendoderm and left-right brain, heart and gut development are differentially regulated by pitx2 isoforms Development, January 3, 2000; 127(5): 1081 - 1093. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. G. Henikoff, E. A. Greene, S. Pietrokovski, and S. Henikoff Increased coverage of protein families with the Blocks Database servers Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2000; 28(1): 228 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. M. Lindroth, X. Cao, J. P. Jackson, D. Zilberman, C. M. McCallum, S. Henikoff, and S. E. Jacobsen Requirement of CHROMOMETHYLASE3 for Maintenance of CpXpG Methylation Science, June 15, 2001; 292(5524): 2077 - 2080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Roper, E. Raux, A. A. Brindley, H. L. Schubert, S. E. Gharbia, H. N. Shah, and M. J. Warren The Enigma of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Biosynthesis in Porphyromonas gingivalis. IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A FUNCTIONAL CORRIN PATHWAY J. Biol. Chem., December 15, 2000; 275(51): 40316 - 40323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Yoder, M. G. Mueller, S. Wei, B. C. Corliss, D. M. Prather, T. Willis, R. T. Litman, J. Y. Djeu, and G. W. Litman Immune-type receptor genes in zebrafish share genetic and functional properties with genes encoded by the mammalian leukocyte receptor cluster PNAS, June 5, 2001; 98(12): 6771 - 6776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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