Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 27, Issue 11 2291-2298, Copyright © 1999 by Oxford University Press
KD Robertson, E Uzvolgyi, G Liang, C Talmadge, J Sumegi, FA Gonzales and PA Jones
DNA methylation in mammals is required for embryonic development, X
chromosome inactivation and imprinting. Previous studies have shown that
methylation patterns become abnormal in malignant cells and may contribute
to tumorigenesis by improper de novo methylation and silencing of the
promoters for growth-regulatory genes. RNA and protein levels of the DNA
methyltransferase DNMT1 have been shown to be elevated in tumors, however
murine stem cells lacking Dnmt1 are still able to de novo methylate viral
DNA. The recent cloning of a new family of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt3a
and Dnmt3b) in mouse which methylate hemimethylated and unmethylated
templates with equal efficiencies make them candidates for the long sought
de novo methyltransferases. We have investigated the expression of human
DNMT1, 3a and 3b and found widespread, coordinate expression of all three
transcripts in most normal tissues. Chromosomal mapping placed DNMT3a on
chromosome 2p23 and DNMT3b on chromosome 20q11.2. Significant
overexpression of DNMT3b was seen in tumors while DNMT1 and DNMT3a were
only modestly over- expressed and with lower frequency. Lastly, several
novel alternatively spliced forms of DNMT3b, which may have altered
enzymatic activity, were found to be expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
ARTICLES
The human DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3a and 3b: coordinate mRNA expression in normal tissues and overexpression in tumors
University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, MS 83, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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D. Biniszkiewicz, J. Gribnau, B. Ramsahoye, F. Gaudet, K. Eggan, D. Humpherys, M.-A. Mastrangelo, Z. Jun, J. Walter, and R. Jaenisch Dnmt1 Overexpression Causes Genomic Hypermethylation, Loss of Imprinting, and Embryonic Lethality Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2124 - 2135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. M. Ordway and T. Curran Methylation Matters: Modeling a Manageable Genome Cell Growth Differ., April 1, 2002; 13(4): 149 - 162. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Velicescu, D. J. Weisenberger, F. A. Gonzales, Y. C. Tsai, C. T. Nguyen, and P. A. Jones Cell Division Is Required for de Novo Methylation of CpG Islands in Bladder Cancer Cells Cancer Res., April 1, 2002; 62(8): 2378 - 2384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Yokochi and K. D. Robertson Preferential Methylation of Unmethylated DNA by Mammalian de Novo DNA Methyltransferase Dnmt3a J. Biol. Chem., March 29, 2002; 277(14): 11735 - 11745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Liang, M. F. Chan, Y. Tomigahara, Y. C. Tsai, F. A. Gonzales, E. Li, P. W. Laird, and P. A. Jones Cooperativity between DNA Methyltransferases in the Maintenance Methylation of Repetitive Elements Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2002; 22(2): 480 - 491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Widschwendter and P. A. Jones The Potential Prognostic, Predictive, and Therapeutic Values of DNA Methylation in Cancer : Commentary re: J. Kwong et al., Promoter Hypermethylation of Multiple Genes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res., 8: 131-137, 2002, and H-Z. Zou et al., Detection of Aberrant p16 Methylation in the Serum of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Clin. Cancer Res., 8: 188-191, 2002. Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2002; 8(1): 17 - 21. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.-Y. Fang, J. A. Mikovits, R. Bagni, C. L. Petrow-Sadowski, and F. W. Ruscetti Infection of Lymphoid Cells by Integration-Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Increases De Novo Methylation J. Virol., October 15, 2001; 75(20): 9753 - 9761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Hendrich and W. Bickmore Human diseases with underlying defects in chromatin structure and modification Hum. Mol. Genet., October 1, 2001; 10(20): 2233 - 2242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. J. Rush, Z. Dai, D. J. Smiraglia, X. Gao, F. A. Wright, M. Fruhwald, J. F. Costello, W. A. Held, L. Yu, R. Krahe, et al. Novel methylation targets in de novo acute myeloid leukemia with prevalence of chromosome 11 loci Blood, May 15, 2001; 97(10): 3226 - 3233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. B. Baylin, M. Esteller, M. R. Rountree, K. E. Bachman, K. Schuebel, and J. G. Herman Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation, chromatin formation and gene expression in cancer Hum. Mol. Genet., April 1, 2001; 10(7): 687 - 692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S.-i. Mizuno, T. Chijiwa, T. Okamura, K. Akashi, Y. Fukumaki, Y. Niho, and H. Sasaki Expression of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, 3A, and 3B in normal hematopoiesis and in acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia Blood, March 1, 2001; 97(5): 1172 - 1179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Q. Zhang, P. N. Raghunath, E. Vonderheid, N. Odum, and M. A. Wasik Lack of Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Expression in Malignant T-Cell Lymphoma Cells Results from Methylation of the SHP-1 Promoter Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2000; 157(4): 1137 - 1146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Steward, T. Kusano, and H. Sano Expression of ZmMET1, a gene encoding a DNA methyltransferase from maize, is associated not only with DNA replication in actively proliferating cells, but also with altered DNA methylation status in cold-stressed quiescent cells Nucleic Acids Res., September 1, 2000; 28(17): 3250 - 3259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. D. Robertson, K. Keyomarsi, F. A. Gonzales, M. Velicescu, and P. A. Jones Differential mRNA expression of the human DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3a and 3b during the G0/G1 to S phase transition in normal and tumor cells Nucleic Acids Res., May 15, 2000; 28(10): 2108 - 2113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. D. Robertson and P. A.Jones DNA methylation: past, present and future directions Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2000; 21(3): 461 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. S. Hansen, C. Wijmenga, P. Luo, A. M. Stanek, T. K. Canfield, C. M. R. Weemaes, and S. M. Gartler The DNMT3B DNA methyltransferase gene is mutated in the ICF immunodeficiency syndrome PNAS, December 7, 1999; 96(25): 14412 - 14417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C.-L. Hsieh In Vivo Activity of Murine De Novo Methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b Mol. Cell. Biol., December 1, 1999; 19(12): 8211 - 8218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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