Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 17 3197-3205
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Survey and Summary |
SURVEY AND SUMMARY
Pur
: a multifunctional single-stranded DNA- and RNA-binding protein
1Center for NeuroVirology and Cancer Biology, Laboratory of Molecular NeuroVirology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, 015-96, Room 203, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA, 2Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA and 3Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Donald H. Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
Pur
is a ubiquitous, sequence-specific DNA- and RNA-binding protein which is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. Pur has been implicated in diverse cellular functions, including transcriptional activation and repression, translation and cell growth. Moreover, this protein has been shown to be involved in regulating several human viruses which replicate in the central nervous system (CNS), including human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) and JC virus (JCV). Pur exerts part of its activity by interacting with cellular proteins, including pRb, E2F, cyclin A, Sp1 and members of the Y-box family of proteins, including YB-1 and MSY1, as well as viral proteins such as polyomavirus large T-antigen and HIV-1 Tat. The ability of Pur to interact with its target DNA sequence and to associate with several viral and cellular proteins is modulated by RNA. Pur has also been shown to be involved in cell growth and proliferation. Its association with pRb, E2F and cyclin A coupled with its fluctuating levels throughout the cell cycle, position Pur as a crucial factor in the cell cycle. Moreover, microinjection studies demonstrate that Pur causes either a G1 or G2 arrest depending on the cell cycle time of injection. The gene encoding Pur has been localized to a human locus which is frequently deleted in myelogenous leukemias and other cancers and Pur gene deletions have been detected in many cases of lymphoid cancers. The following review details the structural characteristics of Pur, its family members and the involvement of this protein in regulating various cellular and viral genes, viral replication and cell growth.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 215 204 0678; Fax: +1 215 204 0679; Email: kkhalili@astro.temple.edu
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