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Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 18 3542-3550
© 2000 Oxford University Press

Transcriptional activation by the PHD finger is inhibited through an adjacent leucine zipper that binds 14-3-3 proteins

Thorsten Halbach, Nico Scheer and Wolfgang Werr*

Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Universität zu Köln, Gyrhofstraße 17, 50923 Köln, Germany

The PHD finger, a Cys4–His–Cys3 zinc finger, is found in many regulatory proteins from plants or animals which are frequently associated with chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. We show here that the PHD finger activates transcription in yeast, plant and animal cells. In plant homeodomain transcription factors the PHD finger is combined with an upstream leucine zipper. Both domains together form a highly conserved 180 amino acid region called the ZIP/PHDf motif and transcriptional activity of the PHD finger is masked when embedded in this motif. Our results indicate that the ZIP/PHDf domain is a potential regulatory domain of PHDf-HD proteins. The leucine zipper upstream of the PHD finger interacts with 14-3-3GF14µ from Arabidopsis thaliana and 14-3-3GF14-12 from maize via a leucine zipper conserved in helix 4 of various 14-3-3 proteins from plants and animals. PHD-type plant homeodomain proteins consequently may represent potential targets of 14-3-3 signalling.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 221 470 2619; Fax: +49 221 470 5164; Email: w.werr@uni-koeln.de


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