Nucleic Acids Research, 2001, Vol. 29, No. 13 2795-2801
© 2001 Oxford University Press
Hexamminecobalt(III)-induced condensation of calf thymus DNA: circular dichroism and hydration measurements
The interaction of hexamminecobalt(III), Co(NH3)63+, with 160 and 30008000 bp length calf thymus DNA has been investigated by circular dichroism, acoustic and densimetric techniques. The acoustic titration curves of 160 bp DNA revealed three stages of interaction: (i) Co(NH3)63+ binding up to the molar ratio [Co(NH3)63+]/[P] = 0.25, prior to DNA condensation; (ii) a condensation process between [Co(NH3)63+]/[P] = 0.25 and 0.30; and (iii) precipitation after [Co(NH3)63+]/[P] = 0.3. In the case of 30008000 bp DNA only two processes were observed: (i) binding up to [Co(NH3)63+]/[P] = 0.3; and (ii) precipitation after this point. In agreement with earlier observations, long DNA aggregates without changes in its B-form circular dichroism spectrum, while short DNA demonstrates a positive B
transition after [Co(NH3)63+]/[P] = 0.25. From ultrasonic and densimetric measurements the effects of Co(NH3)63+ binding on volume and compressibility have been obtained. The binding of Co(NH3)63+ to both short and long DNA is characterized by similar changes in volume and compressibility calculated per mole Co(NH3)63+:
V = 9 cm3 mol1 and 
= 33 x 104 cm3 mol1 bar1. The positive sign of the parameters indicates dehydration, i.e. water release from Co(NH3)63+ and the atomic groups of DNA. This extent of water displacement would be consistent with the formation of two direct, hydrogen bonded contacts between the cation and the phosphates of DNA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 402 559 5384; Fax: +1 402 559 9543; Email: bkankia{at}unmc.edu
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