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Nucleic Acids Research, 2001, Vol. 29, No. 16 3448-3457
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Enhancer activity of HS2 of the human ß-LCR is modulated by distance from the key nucleosome

Yoshiaki Onishi* and Ryoiti Kiyama

Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, AIST Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan

A class of curved DNA appears universally in eukaryotic genomic DNA at an average distance of ~680 bp and shows nucleosome positioning activity by having high affinity for histone core particles in an orientation- and position-dependent manner. Here, we report that the enhancer activity at DNase I hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) of the human ß-globin locus control region (ß-LCR) can be modulated by the curved DNA located at a distance of two nucleosomes from HS2 and that the nucleosome at the curved DNA regulates nearby nucleosome phases as a key nucleosome. Erythroid-specific nucleosome phases which caused deviation of the NF-E2 (p18–p45 dimer) binding site from the nucleosome dyad axis were over-represented when the distance between the key nucleosome and HS2 exceeded 80 bp longer than the original length. At this state, enhancer activity was ~50% of that in the original construct, presumably due to reduced binding of transcription factors.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 298 61 6189; Fax: +81 298 61 6190; Email: y-onishi{at}aist.go.jp


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