Nucleic Acids Research, 2001, Vol. 29, No. 21 4319-4333
© 2001 Oxford University Press
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains at least 29 active genes encoding SET domain proteins that can be assigned to four evolutionarily conserved classes
Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1031 Blindern, N-0315 Norway and 1Institute of Genetics, Martin Luther University, D-06120 Halle, Germany
SET domains are conserved amino acid motifs present in chromosomal proteins that function in epigenetic control of gene expression. These proteins can be divided into four classes as typified by their Drosophila members E(Z), TRX, ASH1 and SU(VAR)3-9. Homologs of all four classes have been identified in yeast and mammals, but not in plants. A BLASTP screening of the Arabidopsis genome identified 37 genes: three E(z) homologs, five trx homologs, four ash1 homologs and 15 genes similar to Su(var)3-9. Seven genes were assigned as trx-related and three as ash1-related. Only four genes have been described previously. Our classification is based on the characteristics of the SET domains, cysteine-rich regions and additional conserved domains, including a novel YGD domain. RT–PCR analysis, cDNA cloning and matching ESTs show that at least 29 of the genes are active in diverse tissues. The high number of SET domain genes, possibly involved in epigenetic control of gene activity during plant development, can partly be explained by extensive genome duplication in Arabidopsis. Additionally, the lack of introns in the coding region of eight SU(VAR)3-9 class genes indicates evolution of new genes by retrotransposition. The identification of putative nuclear localization signals and AT-hooks in many of the proteins supports an anticipated nuclear localization, which was demonstrated for selected proteins.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +47 22854437; Fax: +47 22854605; Email: reidunn.aalen{at}bio.uio.no Present address:Veiko Krauss, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors +AF344444–AF344452, AF394239, AY045576
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