Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, Vol. 30, No. 20 4432-4441
© 2002 Oxford University Press
Genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 2a: insights into pathogenicity through comparison with genomes of Escherichia coli K12 and O157
1 State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Beijing 100052, China, 2 Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, 3 Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 102206, China, 4 Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China, 5 National Center of Human Genome Research, Beijing 100176, China, 6 Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, 7 Microbial Genome Center, Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Beijing 100052, China, 8 Beijing Microbial Genome Research Center, Beijing 100052, China, 9 HuaBei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 0500, China and 10 Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College St Mary’s Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 10 67877732; Fax: +86 10 67877736; Email: zdsys{at}sina.com
We have sequenced the genome of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a, the most prevalent species and serotype that causes bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in man. The whole genome is composed of a 4 607 203 bp chromosome and a 221 618 bp virulence plasmid, designated pCP301. While the plasmid shows minor divergence from that sequenced in serotype 5a, striking characteristics of the chromosome have been revealed. The S.flexneri chromosome has, astonishingly, 314 IS elements, more than 7-fold over those possessed by its close relatives, the non-pathogenic K12 strain and enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli. There are 13 translocations and inversions compared with the E.coli sequences, all involve a segment larger than 5 kb, and most are associated with deletions or acquired DNA sequences, of which several are likely to be bacteriophage-transmitted pathogenicity islands. Furthermore, S.flexneri, resembling another human-restricted enteric pathogen, Salmonella typhi, also has hundreds of pseudogenes compared with the E.coli strains. All of these could be subjected to investigations towards novel preventative and treatment strategies against shigellosis.
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