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Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, Vol. 30, No. 7 1695-1703
© 2002 Oxford University Press

The terminase subunits pUL56 and pUL89 of human cytomegalovirus are DNA-metabolizing proteins with toroidal structure

Hanno Scheffczik1, Christos G. W. Savva2, Andreas Holzenburg2,3, Larissa Kolesnikova1 and Elke Bogner*

Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Schlossgarten 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, 1Institute of Virology, D-35037 Marburg, Germany and 2Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biology and 3Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2257, USA

Herpesvirus DNA packaging involves binding and cleavage of DNA containing the specific DNA-packaging motifs. Here we report a first characterization of the terminase subunits pUL56 and pUL89 of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Both gene products were shown to have comparable nuclease activities in vitro. Under limiting protein concentrations the nuclease activity is enhanced by interaction of pUL56 and pUL89. High amounts of 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-ß-D-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole partially inhibited the pUL89-associated nuclease activity. It was demonstrated that pUL56 is able to bind to nucleocapsids in vivo. Electron microscopy (EM) and image analysis of purified pUL56 revealed that the molecules occurred as a distinct ring-shaped structure with a pronounced cleft. EM analysis of purified pUL89 demonstrated that this protein is also a toroidal DNA-metabolizing protein. Upon interaction of pUL56 with linearized DNA, the DNA remains uncut while the cutting event itself is mediated by pUL89. Using biochemical assays in conjunction with EM pUL56 was shown to (i) bind to DNA and (ii) associate with the capsid. In contrast to this, EM analysis implied that pUL89 is required to effect DNA cleavage. The data provide the first insights into the terminase-dependent viral DNA-packaging mechanism of HCMV.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 9131 8522104; Fax: +49 9131 8526493; Email: eebogner{at}viro.med.uni-erlangen.de


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