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Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 11 2705-2716
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Structural variations and stabilising modifications of synthetic siRNAs in mammalian cells

Frank Czauderna, Melanie Fechtner, Sibylle Dames, Hüseyin Aygün1, Anke Klippel, Gijsbertus J. Pronk, Klaus Giese and Jörg Kaufmann

Atugen AG, Otto Warburg Haus (No. 80), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany and 1 BioSpring, Hanauer Landstrasse 526, 60386 Frankfurt, Germany

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 30 9489 2833; Fax: +49 30 9489 2801; Email: kaufmann{at}atugen.com

Double-stranded short interfering RNAs (siRNA) induce post-transcriptional silencing in a variety of biological systems. In the present study we have investigated the structural requirements of chemically synthesised siRNAs to mediate efficient gene silencing in mammalian cells. In contrast to studies with Drosophila extracts, we found that synthetic, double-stranded siRNAs without specific nucleotide overhangs are highly efficient in gene silencing. Blocking of the 5'-hydroxyl terminus of the antisense strand leads to a dramatic loss of RNA interference activity, whereas blocking of the 3' terminus or blocking of the termini of the sense strand had no negative effect. We further demonstrate that synthetic siRNA molecules with internal 2'-O-methyl modification, but not molecules with terminal modifications, are protected against serum-derived nucleases. Finally, we analysed different sets of siRNA molecules with various 2'-O-methyl modifications for stability and activity. We demonstrate that 2'-O-methyl modifications at specific positions in the molecule improve stability of siRNAs in serum and are tolerated without significant loss of RNA interference activity. These second generation siRNAs will be better suited for potential therapeutic application of synthetic siRNAs in vivo.


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