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Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 14 4247-4255
© 2003 Oxford University Press

The Arabidopsis AtLIG4 gene is required for the repair of DNA damage, but not for the integration of Agrobacterium T-DNA

Haico van Attikum, Paul Bundock, René M. Overmeer, Lan-Ying Lee1, Stanton B. Gelvin1 and Paul J. J. Hooykaas*

Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Clusius Laboratory, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL, Leiden, The Netherlands and 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1392, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +31 715274933; Fax: +31 715274999; Email: hooykaas{at}rulbim.leidenuniv.nl
Present address:
Haico van Attikum, University of Geneva, Department of Molecular Biology, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

The joining of breaks in the chromosomal DNA backbone by ligases in processes of replication, recombination and repair plays a crucial role in the maintenance of genomic stability. Four ATP-dependent ligases, designated DNA ligases I–IV, have been identified in higher eukaryotes, and each one has distinct functions. In mammals and yeast, DNA ligase IV is exclusively involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining. Recently, an Arabidopsis thaliana orthologue of the yeast and mammalian DNA ligase IV gene was found and termed AtLIG4. Here we describe the isolation and functional characterisation of a plant line with a T-DNA insertion in the AtLIG4 gene. Plants homozygous for the T-DNA insertion did not display any growth or developmental defects and were fertile. However, mutant seedlings were hypersensitive to the DNA-damaging agents methyl methanesulfonate and X-rays, demonstrating that AtLIG4 is required for the repair of DNA damage. Recently, we showed that a yeast lig4 mutant is deficient in Agrobacterium T-DNA integration. However, using tumorigenesis and germline transformation assays, we found that the plant AtLIG4 mutant is not impaired in T-DNA integration. Thus, in contrast to yeast, DNA ligase IV is not required for T-DNA integration in plants.


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