Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 19 5526-5533
© 2003 Oxford University Press
A requirement for PARP-1 for the assembly or stability of XRCC1 nuclear foci at sites of oxidative DNA damage
1 Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK, 2 Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan and 3 Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Gotemba, 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-0038, Japan
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1273 877519; Fax: +44 1273 678121; Email: k.w.caldecott{at}sussex.ac.uk
Present address:
Hiroshi Suzuki, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
The molecular role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in DNA repair is unclear. Here, we show that the single-strand break repair protein XRCC1 is rapidly assembled into discrete nuclear foci after oxidative DNA damage at sites of poly (ADP-ribose) synthesis. Poly (ADP-ribose) synthesis peaks during a 10 min treatment with H2O2 and the appearance of XRCC1 foci peaks shortly afterwards. Both sites of poly (ADP-ribose) and XRCC1 foci decrease to background levels during subsequent incubation in drug-free medium, consistent with the rapidity of the single-strand break repair process. The formation of XRCC1 foci at sites of poly (ADP-ribose) was greatly reduced by mutation of the XRCC1 BRCT I domain that physically interacts with PARP-1. Moreover, we failed to detect XRCC1 foci in Adprt1/ MEFs after treatment with H2O2. These data demonstrate that PARP-1 is required for the assembly or stability of XRCC1 nuclear foci after oxidative DNA damage and suggest that the formation of these foci is mediated via interaction with poly (ADP-ribose). These results support a model in which the rapid activation of PARP-1 at sites of DNA strand breakage facilitates DNA repair by recruiting the molecular scaffold protein, XRCC1.
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