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Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 21 6127-6138
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Transcriptional response to DNA damage in the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus

Vincenzo Salerno, Alessandra Napoli, Malcolm F. White1, Mosè Rossi and Maria Ciaramella*

Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 80131 Naples, Italy and 1 Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, St Andrews University, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9S, UK

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 081 6132247; Fax: +39 081 6132248; Email: ciaramel{at}dafne.ibpe.na.cnr.it

Exposure of cells to DNA-damaging agents triggers a complex biological response involving cell cycle arrest and modulation of gene expression. Genomic sequencing has revealed the presence of archaeal genes homologous to components of the eucaryal nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which is involved in the repair of ultraviolet (UV) light-induced DNA damage. However, the events involved in the cell response to UV irradiation and their regulation have not been studied in Archaea. We show here that UV radiation induces the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, and that these lesions are efficiently repaired in vivo in the dark, suggesting that a NER pathway is active. DNA damage is a signal for concomitant growth arrest and transcriptional induction of the NER genes XPF, XPG and XPB. The cell response to UV irradiation includes transcriptional regulation of genes encoding two DNA binding proteins involved in chromosome dynamics. Moreover, several of these genes are also strongly induced by the intercalating agent actinomycin D. Thus, response to DNA damage in S.solfataricus has features essentially conserved in all three domains of life.


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