Published online 9 January 2004
Nucleic Acids Research, 2004, Vol. 32, No. 1 263-270
© 2004 Oxford University Press
Enhanced mutagenic potential of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine when present within a clustered DNA damage site
Medical Research Council, Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, Harwell, Oxon OX11 0RD, UK and 1 Department of Ion Beam Applied Biology, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Watanuki-machi 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1235 841017; Fax: +44 1235 841200; Email: p.oneill{at}har.mrc.ac.uk
The formation of clustered DNA damage sites is a unique feature of ionizing radiation. Recent studies have shown that the repair of lesions within clusters may be compromised, but little is understood about the mutagenic consequences of such damage sites. Using a plasmid-based method, damaged DNA containing uracil positioned at 1–5 bp separations from 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine on the complementary strand was transfected into wild-type Escherichia coli or into strains lacking the DNA glycosylases Fpg and MutY. Mutation frequencies were found to be significantly higher for clustered damage sites than for single lesions. The loss of MutY gave a large relative increase in mutation frequency and a strain lacking both Fpg and MutY showed even higher mutation frequencies, up to nearly 40% of rescued plasmid. In these strains, the mutation frequency decreases with increasing spacing of the uracil from the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine site. Sequencing of plasmid DNA carrying clustered damage, following rescue from bacteria, showed that almost all of the mutations are GC
TA transversions. The data suggest that at clustered damage sites, depending on lesion spacing, the action of Fpg is compromised and post-replication processing of lesions by MutY is the most important mechanism for protection against mutagenesis.
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