Published online 17 August 2004
Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 32 No. 14 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved
Transcription factor YY1 associates with pericentromeric 
-satellite DNA in cycling but not in quiescent (G0) cells
Régulation de la Transcription et Maladies Génétiques, CNRS UPR2228 and 1 Microscopie électronique et confocale, IFR-95, Université René Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 1 42 86 22 76; Fax: +33 1 42 86 20 42; Email: bonnefoy{at}univ-paris5.fr
Received April 16, 2004; Revised and Accepted July 15, 2004
Pericentromeric 
-satellite DNA is organized in constitutive heterochromatin structures. It comprises a 234 bp sequence repeated several thousands times surrounding the centromeric sequence of all murine chromosomes. Potential binding sites for transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a repressor or activator of several cellular and viral genes, are present in pericentromeric -satellite DNA. Using gel retardation and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate in this work that YY1 specifically interacts in vitro and in vivo with -satellite DNA. Using immunoFISH and confocal microscopy we show that YY1 specifically co-localizes with pericentromeric -satellite DNA clusters organized in constitutive heterochromatin in murine L929 and 3T3 fibroblasts cell lines. Immunoelectron microscopy experiments further confirmed YY1 localization in heterochromatic areas. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that a fraction of YY1 is directly associated with constitutive heterochromatin structures. This association appears physiologically relevant since the association of YY1 with pericentromeric -satellite DNA observed in cycling 3T3 fibroblasts strongly diminished in quiescent (G0) 3T3 fibroblasts. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of heterochromatin formation as well as with regard to the YY1-induced repression of euchromatic genes.
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