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Nucleic Acids Research 2004 32(17):5239-5248; doi:10.1093/nar/gkh822
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Published online 5 October 2004

Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 32 No. 17 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

Camptothecin enhances the frequency of oligonucleotide-directed gene repair in mammalian cells by inducing DNA damage and activating homologous recombination

Luciana Ferrara1,2 and Eric B. Kmiec1,*

1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA and 2 Department of Genetics, Biology, Biochemistry, University of Torino, Italy

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 302 831 3420; Fax: +1 302 831 3427; Email: ekmiec{at}udel.edu

Received June 23, 2004; Revised and Accepted August 24, 2004

Camptothecin (CPT) is an anticancer drug that promotes DNA breakage at replication forks and the formation of lesions that activate the processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining. We have taken advantage of the CPT-induced damage response by coupling it to gene repair directed by synthetic oligonucleotides, a process in which a mutant base pair is converted into a wild-type one. Here, we show that pretreating DLD-1 cells with CPT leads to a significant stimulation in the frequency of correction of an integrated mutant enhanced green fluorescent protein gene. The stimulation is dose-dependent and coincident with the formation of double-strand DNA breaks. Caffeine, but not vanillin, blocks the enhancement of gene repair suggesting that, in this system, HR is the pathway most responsible for elevating the frequency of correction. The involvement of HR is further proven by studies in which wortmannin was seen to inhibit gene repair at high concentrations but not at lower levels that are known to inhibit DNA-PK activity. Taken together, our results suggest that DNA damage induced by CPT activates a cellular response that stimulates gene repair in mammalian cells.


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