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Published online 6 April 2004

Nucleic Acids Research, 2004, Vol. 32, No. 6 2049-2057
© 2004 Oxford University Press

The spread of LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease genes in rDNA

Peik Haugen and Debashish Bhattacharya*

Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, 210 Old Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 319 335 1977; Fax: +1 319 335 1069; Email: dbhattac{at}blue.weeg.uiowa.edu

Received January 29, 2004; Revised and Accepted March 10, 2004

Group I introns that encode homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) are highly invasive genetic elements. Their movement into a homologous position in an intron-less allele is termed homing. Although the mechanism of homing is well understood, the evolutionary relationship between HEGs and their intron partners remains unclear. Here we have focused on the largest family of HEGs (encoding the protein motif, LAGLIDADG) to understand how HEGs and introns move in rDNA. Our analysis shows the phylogenetic clustering of HEGs that encode a single copy of the LAGLIDADG motif in neighboring, but often evolutionarily distantly related, group I introns. These endonucleases appear to have inserted into existing introns independent of ribozymes. In contrast, our data support a common evolutionary history for a large family of heterologous introns that encode HEGs with a duplicated LAGLIDADG motif. This finding suggests that intron/double-motif HEG elements can move into heterologous sites as a unit. Our data also suggest that a subset of the double-motif HEGs in rDNA originated from the duplication and fusion of a single-motif HEG encoded by present-day ribozymes in LSU rDNA.


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